feat(subscription): RFID enrollment, any-credential exit, prepaid booth handling

Rounds out subscriptions across enrollment, the barrier flow, and the booth.

- RFID credentials enabled with a "Read card" enrollment flow: the operator
  arms ONE chosen reader (CredentialCapture, single-shot + ~30s TTL); that
  reader's next read is captured into the form and NOT dispatched to the access
  flow — the OTHER reader keeps serving live entry/exit. Routes:
  /api/subscriptions/readers + /capture/{arm,cancel} + poll.
- Enter with one credential, exit with another: sessions are keyed by a
  per-occurrence id (SUBSESS-<short>), not the credential value, with
  permitId in the payload. Direction is decided by the barrier the reader sits
  at (entry-lane→entry, exit-lane→exit; "both" infers); a fleet (maxConcurrent>1)
  admits several cars and exits any with any credential, FIFO (oldest first).
- Booth treats a subscription occurrence as PREPAID: never quoted/charged; the
  pay/exit modal shows a subscription mode (snapshots + a single audited
  Open-barrier action) to assist a faulty exit reader / missing card;
  reopenBarrier authorizes paidAt!=null OR subscription. Active Sessions badges
  "abonim" and labels by holder name (not the raw key).
- Plus a per-read diagnostic log in the QR-reader route (serial → device →
  verdict/dir), which surfaced the earlier duplicate-reader-IP misroute.

Verified via buildServer+inject + reader-scan/TCP-capture simulations
(enrollment isolation, cross-credential + FIFO fleet, prepaid-not-charged,
subscription reopen, unpaid-transient guard). Updated wiki (subscription,
booth-exit-flow). No migration.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Xcm6ikLgGoCxxHrxtjkk5V

apps/server/src/booth-print.ts

@@ -79,3 +79,29 @@ export async function printExitVoucher(
   logger.info(`exit voucher for ${ticketId} printed on ${printedBy}`);
   return printedBy;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Print a SUBSCRIPTION CARD on the booth printer (failing over to the dispenser):
+ * a scannable QR of the credential code + holder/validity, so the operator can hand
+ * it to the customer. Used on subscription creation and on a "reprint" action.
+ * Returns the printer that printed it; throws NoPrinterAvailableError if none can.
+ */
+export async function printSubscriptionCard(
+  db: Db,
+  card: { code: string; holderName?: string | null; validFrom?: string | null; validTo?: string | null },
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const printers = loadPrinters(db);
+  const data = {
+    code: card.code,
+    holderName: card.holderName ?? null,
+    validFrom: card.validFrom ?? null,
+    validTo: card.validTo ?? null,
+    header: ticketHeader(db),
+  };
+  const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "booth-receipt", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
+    d.printSubscriptionCard(data),
+  );
+  logger.info(`subscription card ${card.code} printed on ${printedBy}`);
+  return printedBy;
+}

apps/server/src/credential-capture.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Credential capture ("enroll a card"): lets an operator present a physical RFID
+// card/chip (or a QR) to ONE chosen reader and have its value captured for a
+// subscription credential, instead of typing it. SINGLE-SHOT + short TTL so the
+// chosen reader is only "borrowed" for one read / a few seconds; the OTHER reader is
+// never affected and keeps serving the live entry/exit flow.
+//
+// Flow: arm(deviceId) → the reader route checks tryConsume() on each read; the next
+// read from that armed reader is captured (NOT dispatched to the access flow — the
+// barrier must not open for a card being enrolled) and capture auto-disarms. The
+// booth form polls result() until the value appears (or it times out / is cancelled).
+//
+// In-memory + single-site single-writer (one booth) → no DB, no cross-process
+// concerns. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+const CAPTURE_TTL_MS = Number(process.env.CAPTURE_TTL_MS ?? 30_000);
+
+export type CaptureState =
+  | { status: "idle" }
+  | { status: "armed"; deviceId: string; armedAt: number; expiresAt: number }
+  | { status: "captured"; deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number }
+  | { status: "expired"; deviceId: string };
+
+export class CredentialCapture {
+  #armedDeviceId: string | null = null;
+  #expiresAt = 0;
+  #captured: { deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number } | null = null;
+  #lastExpiredDeviceId: string | null = null;
+
+  /** Arm a single-shot capture on one reader (by its `devices.id`). Replaces any
+   *  prior arming (only one capture at a time). Clears a stale captured/expired
+   *  result so the form starts fresh. */
+  arm(deviceId: string): { expiresAt: number } {
+    this.#armedDeviceId = deviceId;
+    this.#expiresAt = Date.now() + CAPTURE_TTL_MS;
+    this.#captured = null;
+    this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = null;
+    return { expiresAt: this.#expiresAt };
+  }
+
+  /** Cancel any pending arming (operator closed the form / clicked cancel). */
+  cancel(): void {
+    this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+    this.#expiresAt = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called by the reader route on EVERY read. If this reader is the armed one (and
+   * not expired), capture the value, disarm, and return true → the caller must NOT
+   * dispatch this read to the access flow. Otherwise false → dispatch normally.
+   */
+  tryConsume(deviceId: string, value: string): boolean {
+    if (this.#armedDeviceId == null) return false;
+    if (Date.now() > this.#expiresAt) {
+      // Window lapsed before a card was presented — disarm, mark expired.
+      this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = this.#armedDeviceId;
+      this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+      this.#expiresAt = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (deviceId !== this.#armedDeviceId) return false; // a read from the OTHER reader
+    if (!value) return false;
+    this.#captured = { deviceId, value, capturedAt: Date.now() };
+    this.#armedDeviceId = null; // single-shot
+    this.#expiresAt = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Current state for the booth form's poll. Lazily transitions armed→expired. */
+  state(): CaptureState {
+    if (this.#captured) return { status: "captured", ...this.#captured };
+    if (this.#armedDeviceId != null) {
+      if (Date.now() > this.#expiresAt) {
+        this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = this.#armedDeviceId;
+        this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+        this.#expiresAt = 0;
+        return { status: "expired", deviceId: this.#lastExpiredDeviceId };
+      }
+      return { status: "armed", deviceId: this.#armedDeviceId, armedAt: this.#expiresAt - CAPTURE_TTL_MS, expiresAt: this.#expiresAt };
+    }
+    if (this.#lastExpiredDeviceId) return { status: "expired", deviceId: this.#lastExpiredDeviceId };
+    return { status: "idle" };
+  }
+
+  /** Clear a consumed/expired result once the form has read it. */
+  clear(): void {
+    this.#captured = null;
+    this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = null;
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/device-events.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export interface DeviceInputEvent {
 }
 
 // A credential read: a ticket scanned at exit, a plate from LPR, a card at a reader.
-// Drives identity-based flows (exit validation, permits, pay-station lookup). `kind`
+// Drives identity-based flows (exit validation, subscriptions, pay-station lookup). `kind`
 // mirrors IdentitySource. See parking-session.md.
 export interface DeviceReadEvent {
   readonly driverId: string;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export interface DeviceReadEvent {
 export interface ReadOutcome {
   /** Was the vehicle admitted/exited (barrier opened)? Drives the reader's beep. */
   readonly accepted: boolean;
-  /** Which way it went, when known (permit/exit infer this). */
+  /** Which way it went, when known (subscription/exit infer this). */
   readonly direction?: "entry" | "exit";
   /** Human-readable reason (for logs / the reader UI), esp. on reject. */
   readonly reason?: string;
@@ -49,6 +49,33 @@ export interface PrinterStatusEvent {
   readonly status: PrinterStatus;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The unified live status of ANY configured device — what the booth footer shows.
+ * Every enabled device is polled: printers via their rich `readStatus()`
+ * (paper/cover/cutter), all other categories via the generic `healthCheck()`
+ * reachability probe. `state` is the common traffic-light; `detail` carries the
+ * human summary (e.g. "paper out", or an unreachable error). See device-monitor.ts
+ * and wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md.
+ */
+export interface DeviceStatusEvent {
+  readonly deviceId: string; // devices id
+  readonly driverId: string;
+  readonly category: "access" | "reader" | "camera" | "printer";
+  /**
+   * The device's ROLE descriptor for the footer label — NOT the vendor. A
+   * direction-style token the client localises and pairs with the category, so the
+   * chip reads e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje" / "Kamera dalje" / "Printer kabina":
+   *   - reader/camera: "entry" | "exit" | "both" (inherited from its bound relay)
+   *   - access:        "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" (from its relays[])
+   *   - printer:       "lane" (entry-dispenser) | "booth" (booth-receipt)
+   *   - undetermined:  null (chip shows the category alone)
+   */
+  readonly roleKind: "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" | "lane" | "booth" | null;
+  readonly state: "ready" | "degraded" | "offline";
+  readonly detail?: string;
+  readonly checkedAt: string; // ISO-8601
+}
+
 class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
   emitInput(event: DeviceInputEvent): void {
     this.emit("input", event);
@@ -76,6 +103,17 @@ class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
     return () => this.off("printer-status", cb);
   }
 
+  /** Emitted by the device monitor whenever ANY device's unified status CHANGES
+   *  (all categories — relays, readers, cameras, printers). Drives the booth
+   *  device-status footer over the WS. */
+  emitDeviceStatus(event: DeviceStatusEvent): void {
+    this.emit("device-status", event);
+  }
+  onDeviceStatus(cb: (event: DeviceStatusEvent) => void): () => void {
+    this.on("device-status", cb);
+    return () => this.off("device-status", cb);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Emitted AFTER a signed business event is appended to the ledger (entry, exit,
    * payment, void, …). The payload is the persisted row — business facts only, no

apps/server/src/device-monitor.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import { devices, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { isMonitorable, registry } from "@parking/devices";
+import { deviceEvents, type DeviceStatusEvent } from "./device-events.js";
+import { directionOf, relaysOf } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Unified live DEVICE monitor — the source for the booth's device-status footer.
+// Every enabled, configured device is probed on an interval, regardless of
+// category: a printer via its rich readStatus() (paper/cover/cutter — reusing the
+// same capability the PrinterMonitor uses), and a relay/reader/camera via the
+// generic healthCheck() reachability probe every Device implements. The result is
+// flattened to a common traffic-light (ready | degraded | offline) + a detail
+// string, cached per device id, and emitted on the bus ONLY when it changes.
+//
+// This is device-agnostic (talks to the adapter interfaces, never a driver SDK)
+// and read-only — polling a device never drives a relay or mutates the ledger.
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, printer-status-monitoring.md.
+
+const POLL_MS = Number(process.env.DEVICE_POLL_MS ?? 8000);
+
+/**
+ * The device's ROLE descriptor for the footer (never the vendor). Direction-style
+ * tokens the client localises next to the category:
+ *   - reader/camera → the direction inherited from its bound relay (entry/exit/both)
+ *   - access        → entry/exit/both from its relays[]; "mixed" if it spans more
+ *                     than one direction; null if it declares none yet
+ *   - printer       → "lane" (entry-dispenser) | "booth" (booth-receipt)
+ */
+function roleKindOf(db: Db, row: DeviceRow): DeviceStatusEvent["roleKind"] {
+  switch (row.category) {
+    case "reader":
+    case "camera": {
+      const d = directionOf(db, row); // entry | exit | both
+      return d;
+    }
+    case "access": {
+      const dirs = new Set(relaysOf(row).map((r) => r.direction));
+      if (dirs.size === 0) return null;
+      if (dirs.size > 1) return "mixed";
+      const only = [...dirs][0]; // entry | exit | both
+      return only ?? null;
+    }
+    case "printer": {
+      const role = (row.config as { role?: string }).role;
+      if (role === "booth-receipt") return "booth";
+      if (role === "entry-dispenser") return "lane";
+      return null;
+    }
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export class DeviceMonitor {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #pollMs: number;
+  /** Latest unified status per device id. */
+  readonly #latest = new Map<string, DeviceStatusEvent>();
+  #timer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+  #ticking = false;
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: FastifyBaseLogger, pollMs = POLL_MS) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#pollMs = pollMs;
+  }
+
+  /** Begin polling. Idempotent. */
+  start(): void {
+    if (this.#timer) return;
+    void this.#tick(); // immediate first pass so the footer fills without a wait
+    this.#timer = setInterval(() => void this.#tick(), this.#pollMs);
+    this.#timer.unref?.();
+    this.#log.info(`device-monitor: polling every ${this.#pollMs}ms`);
+  }
+
+  stop(): void {
+    if (this.#timer) {
+      clearInterval(this.#timer);
+      this.#timer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Current snapshot for the API / a freshly-connected WS client. */
+  snapshot(): DeviceStatusEvent[] {
+    return [...this.#latest.values()];
+  }
+
+  async #tick(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#ticking) return; // never overlap polls
+    this.#ticking = true;
+    try {
+      // Re-read the device set each tick so a newly-assigned/removed device is
+      // picked up without a restart.
+      const rows = await this.#db.select().from(devices).all();
+      const enabled = rows.filter((r) => r.enabled);
+      const present = new Set(enabled.map((r) => r.id));
+
+      // Drop devices that are gone/disabled (so the footer doesn't show stale ones).
+      for (const id of [...this.#latest.keys()]) {
+        if (!present.has(id)) this.#latest.delete(id);
+      }
+
+      await Promise.all(enabled.map((r) => this.#poll(r)));
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#log.warn(`device-monitor tick failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    } finally {
+      this.#ticking = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #poll(row: DeviceRow): Promise<void> {
+    const cfg = (row.config ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const base = {
+      deviceId: row.id,
+      driverId: row.driverId,
+      category: row.category,
+      roleKind: roleKindOf(this.#db, row),
+    };
+
+    let next: DeviceStatusEvent;
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) {
+      // Configured against a driver that's no longer registered — surface it,
+      // don't silently hide it.
+      next = { ...base, state: "offline", detail: "driver not registered", checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+    } else {
+      try {
+        const device = driver.create(cfg as never);
+        // Printers expose richer paper/cover/cutter status; everything else uses
+        // the generic reachability probe. Both flatten to the same traffic-light.
+        if (isMonitorable(device)) {
+          const s = await device.readStatus();
+          next = { ...base, state: s.status, detail: s.detail, checkedAt: s.checkedAt };
+        } else {
+          const h = await device.healthCheck();
+          next = { ...base, state: h.status, detail: h.detail, checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        // A probe that throws (build error, timeout) reads as offline — never crash
+        // the tick, and fail toward "there's a problem" rather than false-healthy.
+        next = { ...base, state: "offline", detail: (err as Error).message, checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+      }
+    }
+
+    const prev = this.#latest.get(row.id);
+    this.#latest.set(row.id, next);
+    if (!prev || prev.state !== next.state || prev.detail !== next.detail) {
+      this.#log.info(
+        `device-monitor: ${next.category}/${next.roleKind ?? "—"} ${row.id} -> ${next.state}${next.detail ? ` (${next.detail})` : ""}`,
+      );
+      deviceEvents.emitDeviceStatus(next);
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/entry-flow.ts

@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ export class EntryFlow {
 
   async #runEntry(resolved: ResolvedRelay): Promise<void> {
     // CAPACITY GATE (transient only). When the lot is full, refuse transient entry:
-    // no ticket, no vehicle_entry, no open — sign an anomaly. Permit holders are NOT
+    // no ticket, no vehicle_entry, no open — sign an anomaly. Subscribers are NOT
     // gated here (their flow ignores site-full; their own maxConcurrent applies), so
-    // subscribers aren't locked out. "Full" is a soft policy seam for valet over-
+    // they aren't locked out. "Full" is a soft policy seam for valet over-
     // capacity later. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
     const occ = getOccupancy(this.#db);
     if (occ.full) {

apps/server/src/exit-flow.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ interface SessionView {
   readonly enteredAt: string;
   readonly open: boolean; // no vehicle_exit yet
   readonly paidAt: string | null; // latest payment time, if any
+  /** A SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid; entry payload permit:true). Authorized to
+   *  exit / re-open without a `payment`. */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
   readonly graceExitMin: number | null; // from the payment's tariff context, if known
   // Within the FREE entry-grace window (a quick in-and-out that the tariff prices at
   // 0). When true the exit opens without a pay-station visit — we mint a $0 payment so
@@ -170,10 +173,16 @@ export class ExitFlow {
    * opens the barrier with a signed trace.
    *
    * Guard: requires a PAYMENT — no payment, no re-open (the no-unpaid-bypass rule;
-   * the UI also hides the button). Unlike exitForBooth this does NOT sign a
+   * the UI also hides the button). It re-pulses the exit relay and signs an `anomaly`
-   * `vehicle_exit` (the session may already be exited; a second exit would
-   * double-count occupancy). It re-pulses the exit relay and signs an `anomaly`
    * ("manual barrier open", attributed). Idempotent-safe per identity via #inFlight.
+   *
+   * CLOSING THE SESSION (fix 2026-06-18): if the session is still OPEN (no
+   * `vehicle_exit` yet), the manual re-open *is* this car leaving — so we also sign a
+   * `vehicle_exit` (attributed as human-intervention). Without it the paid session
+   * would linger in the Active Sessions list FOREVER, since the grace-expiry eviction
+   * only applies to already-exited sessions (the T-397815c0 bug). If the session is
+   * already CLOSED (a prior exit exists — the phantom re-close case), we do NOT sign a
+   * second exit (that would double-count occupancy): anomaly only, as before.
    * See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
    */
   async reopenBarrier(identity: string, operator?: string): Promise<BoothReopenResult> {
@@ -182,10 +191,11 @@ export class ExitFlow {
 
     const view = this.#sessionFor(id);
     if (!view) return { ok: false, reason: "no session for ticket" };
-    // No payment → no re-open. The barrier-open action is only for sessions that
+    // Authorization to re-open: a PAID transient (paid, or paid-then-exited within
-    // have been paid (or paid-then-exited within grace). An unpaid car takes the
+    // grace) OR a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — exactly the case the operator must
-    // pay/exit flow instead — enforced here, not just in the UI.
+    // assist when the exit reader / card fails). An unpaid TRANSIENT takes the pay/exit
-    if (view.paidAt == null) {
+    // flow instead — enforced here, not just in the UI (the no-unpaid-bypass rule).
+    if (view.paidAt == null && !view.subscription) {
       return { ok: false, reason: "session not paid — no barrier open without payment" };
     }
 
@@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ export class ExitFlow {
     try {
       const resolved = firstRelayByDirection(this.#db, "exit");
       // Sign the audited anomaly FIRST (the intervention is recorded whether or not
-      // the physical open succeeds) — never a second vehicle_exit.
+      // the physical open succeeds).
       await this.#log.append({
         type: "anomaly",
         identity: id,
@@ -207,6 +217,16 @@ export class ExitFlow {
         },
       });
 
+      // Close an OPEN session: the re-open is the exit. Sign the vehicle_exit so the
+      // session leaves the active list + occupancy settles. Skip when already exited
+      // (no double-count). Recorded as a human-intervention exit for the audit trail.
+      if (view.open) {
+        await this.#signExit(id, "manual");
+        this.#closeSessionCache(id);
+        this.#fireExitSnapshot(id);
+        this.#logger.info(`barrier re-open also closed open session ${id} (human-intervention exit)`);
+      }
+
       if (!resolved) {
         this.#logger.warn(`barrier re-open for ${id}: no exit relay configured`);
         return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "no exit barrier configured — open manually" };
@@ -230,7 +250,7 @@ export class ExitFlow {
   }
 
   /** Handle a transient-ticket read at an exit barrier (the relay pre-resolved by the
-   *  read dispatcher from the reader's binding, which has ruled out a permit match). */
+   *  read dispatcher from the reader's binding, which has ruled out a subscription match). */
   async handleAt(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
     const key = `${e.deviceId}:${e.value}`;
     if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
@@ -321,14 +341,19 @@ export class ExitFlow {
     return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
   }
 
-  /** Append the signed vehicle_exit. `source` defaults to "ticket" (booth/manual). */
+  /** Append the signed vehicle_exit. `source`: "ticket" (booth/reader), "lpr" (plate),
-  async #signExit(identity: string, source: "ticket" | "lpr" = "ticket"): Promise<void> {
+   *  or "manual" (a human-intervention barrier re-open that closes an open session —
+   *  see reopenBarrier). */
+  async #signExit(identity: string, source: "ticket" | "lpr" | "manual" = "ticket"): Promise<void> {
     await this.#log.append({
       type: "vehicle_exit",
       direction: "exit",
       source,
       identity,
-      payload: { sessionRef: identity },
+      payload: {
+        sessionRef: identity,
+        ...(source === "manual" ? { reason: "human-intervention exit (manual barrier open)" } : {}),
+      },
     });
   }
 
@@ -410,11 +435,15 @@ export class ExitFlow {
       }
     }
 
+    const entryPl = (entry.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+    const subscription = entryPl.permit === true || entryPl.permitId != null;
+
     return {
       identity,
       enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
       open: !exited,
       paidAt,
+      subscription,
       graceExitMin,
       freeGrace,
     };

apps/server/src/pay-station.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, subscriptions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import { computeFee, type TariffStructure, type Tender } from "@parking/shared";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ export interface ActiveSession {
   readonly currency: string | null;
   readonly withinGrace: boolean;
   readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** True for a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — never charged). The booth shows it
+   *  with snapshots + an always-available "open barrier" (assist a faulty exit reader /
+   *  missing card), and never a pay flow. See wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
+  /** The subscription id (on-chain `permitId`), when `subscription` is true. */
+  readonly subscriptionId: string | null;
+  /** The subscriber's holder name (for a friendly label instead of the raw key). */
+  readonly subscriptionHolder: string | null;
 }
 
 /** Booth session view: everything the pay/exit modal needs in one read. */
@@ -72,6 +80,10 @@ export interface SessionLookup {
   readonly withinGrace: boolean;
   /** ISO time the walk-back grace expires (paidAt + graceExitMin), if paid. */
   readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** True for a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — never charged; barrier-open only). */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
+  readonly subscriptionId: string | null;
+  readonly subscriptionHolder: string | null;
 }
 
 export class PayStation {
@@ -167,8 +179,13 @@ export class PayStation {
       return {
         identity: id, found: false, open: false, enteredAt: null, exitedAt: null,
         paidAt: null, amountMinor: null, currency: null, withinGrace: false, graceExpiresAt: null,
+        subscription: false, subscriptionId: null, subscriptionHolder: null,
       };
     }
+    // Subscription occurrence? The entry payload carries permit:true + permitId.
+    const entryPl = (entry.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+    const isSubscription = entryPl.permit === true || entryPl.permitId != null;
+    const subscriptionId = isSubscription ? (entryPl.permitId ?? null) : null;
     const exitRow = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit");
     const open = !exitRow;
 
@@ -185,10 +202,11 @@ export class PayStation {
       paidAt && graceExitMin != null ? new Date(Date.parse(paidAt) + graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString() : null;
     const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && Date.now() <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
 
-    // Amount owed now (best-effort; null if no tariff resolves). Only meaningful while open.
+    // Amount owed now (best-effort; null if no tariff resolves). Only meaningful while
+    // open AND transient — a subscription is prepaid, never quoted/charged.
     let amountMinor: number | null = null;
     let currency: string | null = null;
-    if (open) {
+    if (open && !isSubscription) {
       try {
         const q = this.quote(id);
         amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
@@ -202,6 +220,8 @@ export class PayStation {
       identity: id, found: true, open,
       enteredAt: entry.occurredAt, exitedAt: exitRow?.occurredAt ?? null,
       paidAt, amountMinor, currency, withinGrace, graceExpiresAt,
+      subscription: isSubscription, subscriptionId,
+      subscriptionHolder: this.#holderOf(subscriptionId),
     };
   }
 
@@ -217,7 +237,14 @@ export class PayStation {
     const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
 
     // Group the relevant events per identity in one pass.
-    type Acc = { enteredAt?: string; source: string | null; exitedAt?: string; paidAt?: string; graceExitMin?: number };
+    type Acc = {
+      enteredAt?: string;
+      source: string | null;
+      exitedAt?: string;
+      paidAt?: string;
+      graceExitMin?: number;
+      subscriptionId?: string | null;
+    };
     const byId = new Map<string, Acc>();
     for (const r of rows) {
       const id = r.identity;
@@ -226,6 +253,10 @@ export class PayStation {
         const a = byId.get(id) ?? { source: r.source ?? null };
         a.enteredAt = r.occurredAt;
         a.source = r.source ?? a.source;
+        // Subscription occurrence? The entry payload carries permit:true + permitId
+        // (the on-chain field). Mark it so the booth never tries to charge it.
+        const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+        if (pl.permit === true || pl.permitId) a.subscriptionId = pl.permitId ?? null;
         byId.set(id, a);
       } else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") {
         const a = byId.get(id);
@@ -250,15 +281,28 @@ export class PayStation {
           ? new Date(Date.parse(a.paidAt) + a.graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString()
           : null;
       const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && now <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
+      const paid = a.paidAt != null;
 
-      // ACTIVE = still inside, OR exited but still within the (unconfirmed) grace window.
+      // ACTIVE membership:
-      // An exited session past grace is presumed truly gone → omitted.
+      //  - exited + within grace  → still shown (barrier unconfirmed, may be present);
+      //  - exited + past grace     → presumed gone, omitted;
+      //  - open + UNPAID           → always shown (a car owing money never ages out —
+      //    it's genuinely still inside until it pays, however long that takes);
+      //  - open + PAID + past grace → AGE-OUT (omit). A paid car whose walk-back grace
+      //    lapsed has left; if no vehicle_exit was ever signed (e.g. it left via a
+      //    manual barrier re-open before that path closed the session, or a historical
+      //    session like T-397815c0) it would otherwise linger forever. The signed log
+      //    is unchanged — this is purely a display filter. See booth-exit-flow.md.
       if (!open && !withinGrace) continue;
+      if (open && paid && graceExpiresAt != null && !withinGrace) continue;
 
-      // Amount owed now: only meaningful for an open + unpaid session.
+      const isSubscription = a.subscriptionId !== undefined;
+
+      // Amount owed now: only meaningful for an open + unpaid TRANSIENT session. A
+      // subscription is prepaid — never quote/charge it.
       let amountMinor: number | null = null;
       let currency: string | null = null;
-      if (open && a.paidAt == null) {
+      if (open && a.paidAt == null && !isSubscription) {
         try {
           const q = this.quote(identity);
           amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
@@ -279,6 +323,9 @@ export class PayStation {
         currency,
         withinGrace,
         graceExpiresAt,
+        subscription: isSubscription,
+        subscriptionId: a.subscriptionId ?? null,
+        subscriptionHolder: this.#holderOf(a.subscriptionId ?? null),
       });
     }
 
@@ -287,6 +334,18 @@ export class PayStation {
     return out;
   }
 
+  /** The subscriber's holder name for a subscription id (for a friendly UI label),
+   *  or null. Best-effort: a deleted subscription just yields null. */
+  #holderOf(subscriptionId: string | null): string | null {
+    if (!subscriptionId) return null;
+    try {
+      const row = this.#db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, subscriptionId)).get();
+      return row?.holderName ?? null;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
   /** The vehicle_entry of an OPEN session for this identity (no later exit), or null. */
   #openEntry(identity: string) {
     const rows = this.#db

apps/server/src/permit-flow.ts

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-import { eq, ledgerEvents, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, sessions, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
-import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
-import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
-import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
-import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
-import { type FlowDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
-import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
-
-// PERMIT flow: a subscriber identified by card/QR/plate enters/exits without paying.
-// Reached from the read dispatcher when a read matches a permit (not an open ticket).
-// See wiki/entities/permit.md.
-//
-// Two optional, independent bindings:
-//   - car-count: `maxConcurrent` (default 1, null = unbound) — how many of the
-//     permit's cars may be inside at once; enforced over the session projection.
-//   - plate: optional `plates[]` — when set, a matching plate is an accepted identity
-//     too (card/QR OR plate). When unset, any car may use the permit's card/QR.
-//
-// Direction is inferred from session state for THAT car (the read credential value
-// is the per-car session key): no open session → ENTRY; open session → EXIT. So a
-// fleet permit can have several cars in at once, each its own session, and
-// anti-passback falls out (a second "entry" on a car already in becomes its exit).
-
-export interface PermitMatch {
-  readonly permitId: string;
-  /** The specific credential/plate value read — the per-car session key. */
-  readonly carKey: string;
-  readonly via: "card" | "qr" | "plate";
-}
-
-export class PermitFlow {
-  readonly #db: Db;
-  readonly #log: EventLog;
-  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
-  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
-
-  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
-    this.#db = db;
-    this.#log = log;
-    this.#logger = logger;
-  }
-
-  /** Resolve a read to a permit (by card/QR credential, or by a bound plate), or null. */
-  match(e: DeviceReadEvent): PermitMatch | null {
-    // Card / QR / generic credential value.
-    const cred = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(permitCredentials)
-      .where(eq(permitCredentials.value, e.value))
-      .get();
-    if (cred) {
-      return { permitId: cred.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: cred.kind === "qr" ? "qr" : "card" };
-    }
-    // Plate binding: a read plate that matches a permit's bound plate is an identity.
-    if (e.kind === "plate") {
-      const plate = this.#db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.plate, e.value)).get();
-      if (plate) return { permitId: plate.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: "plate" };
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** Run the permit entry/exit for a matched read at a barrier. `resolved` is the
-   *  reader's bound relay; its direction constrains, "both" defers to session state. */
-  async run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
-    const key = `${m.permitId}:${m.carKey}`;
-    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
-    this.#inFlight.add(key);
-    try {
-      return await this.#run(resolved, e, m);
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`permit-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
-    } finally {
-      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async #run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
-    const permit = this.#db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, m.permitId)).get();
-    if (!permit) return { accepted: false, reason: "permit not found" };
-
-    // Validity: active + within the coverage window.
-    const now = new Date().toISOString();
-    const invalid =
-      permit.status !== "active" ||
-      (permit.validFrom != null && now < permit.validFrom) ||
-      (permit.validTo != null && now > permit.validTo);
-    if (invalid) {
-      const reason = `permit ${permit.status}/out-of-window`;
-      await this.#reject(m, reason);
-      return { accepted: false, reason };
-    }
-
-    // Direction: the car's open-session state is the natural verb (in→exit, out→entry).
-    // The barrier the car is at (resolved.direction) must AGREE — a car at an exit
-    // barrier that isn't inside (or at an entry barrier while already in) is a
-    // wrong-barrier / anti-passback signal, refused + logged. A "both" barrier follows
-    // the session state.
-    const carOpen = this.#carHasOpenSession(m.carKey);
-    const inferred: FlowDirection = carOpen ? "exit" : "entry";
-    if (resolved.direction !== "both" && resolved.direction !== inferred) {
-      const reason = `permit wrong barrier — ${resolved.direction} barrier but car would ${inferred}`;
-      await this.#reject(m, reason);
-      return { accepted: false, direction: resolved.direction === "exit" ? "exit" : "entry", reason };
-    }
-
-    if (carOpen) {
-      // EXIT: this car is already inside → the read is its exit.
-      await this.#log.append({
-        type: "vehicle_exit",
-        direction: "exit",
-        source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
-        identity: m.carKey,
-        payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId },
-      });
-      await this.#open(resolved, "exit", m.carKey, "permit exit");
-      this.#closeCache(m.carKey);
-      return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
-    }
-
-    // ENTRY: enforce the car-count binding (maxConcurrent), then sign + open.
-    if (permit.maxConcurrent != null) {
-      const open = this.#permitOpenCount(m.permitId);
-      if (open >= permit.maxConcurrent) {
-        const reason = `permit at capacity (${open}/${permit.maxConcurrent} cars in)`;
-        await this.#reject(m, reason);
-        return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason };
-      }
-    }
-
-    await this.#log.append({
-      type: "vehicle_entry",
-      direction: "entry",
-      source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
-      identity: m.carKey,
-      // No ticket, no fee — the permit IS the authorization. Recorded for audit.
-      payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId, permit: true },
-      occurredAt: now,
-    });
-    await this.#open(resolved, "entry", m.carKey, "permit entry");
-    try {
-      this.#db
-        .insert(sessions)
-        .values({ id: m.carKey, identity: m.carKey, source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : "wiegand", permitId: m.permitId, enteredAt: now, state: "open" })
-        .run();
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${m.carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-    }
-    return { accepted: true, direction: "entry" };
-  }
-
-  /** Does this specific car (credential value) have an open session right now? */
-  #carHasOpenSession(carKey: string): boolean {
-    const rows = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(ledgerEvents)
-      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, carKey))
-      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
-      .all();
-    const entries = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry").length;
-    const exits = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit").length;
-    return entries > exits;
-  }
-
-  /** How many of this permit's cars are inside right now (fold over the ledger). */
-  #permitOpenCount(permitId: string): number {
-    const rows = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(ledgerEvents)
-      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "vehicle_entry"))
-      .all()
-      .filter((r) => (r.payload as { permitId?: string } | null)?.permitId === permitId);
-    let open = 0;
-    for (const entry of rows) {
-      if (!this.#carHasOpenSession(entry.identity ?? "")) continue;
-      open += 1;
-    }
-    return open;
-  }
-
-  async #reject(m: PermitMatch, reason: string): Promise<void> {
-    await this.#log.append({
-      type: "anomaly",
-      identity: m.carKey,
-      payload: { reason: `permit refused — ${reason}`, permitId: m.permitId, permitRefused: true },
-    });
-    this.#logger.warn(`permit refused (${m.carKey}): ${reason}`);
-  }
-
-  async #open(resolved: ResolvedRelay, dir: FlowDirection, carKey: string, what: string): Promise<void> {
-    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
-    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
-    else this.#logger.warn(`${what} signed for ${carKey} but the ${dir} relay won't build`);
-
-    // SNAPSHOT — fire the directional camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
-    void snapshotAsync({
-      db: this.#db,
-      direction: dir,
-      identity: carKey,
-      logger: this.#logger,
-    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`permit snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
-  }
-
-  #closeCache(carKey: string): void {
-    try {
-      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" }).where(eq(sessions.id, carKey)).run();
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
-  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
-    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
-    if (!driver) return null;
-    try {
-      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-}

apps/server/src/read-dispatch.ts

@@ -2,32 +2,32 @@ import { devices, eq, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
 import type { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
-import type { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import type { SubscriptionFlow } from "./subscription-flow.js";
 import { relayForDevice } from "./device-resolve.js";
 
 // Routes a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) to the right flow. A read
-// can mean a permit entry/exit OR a transient exit, so we dispatch by WHAT the
+// can mean a subscription entry/exit OR a transient exit, so we dispatch by WHAT the
 // credential is (decision 2026-06-15):
-//   - matches a permit (card/QR/bound plate) → PERMIT flow,
+//   - matches a subscription (card/QR/bound plate) → SUBSCRIPTION flow,
 //   - else → transient EXIT flow (open ticket session → exit, else reject+log).
 //
 // The reader is BOUND to a controller relay (config.controllerId + relay), so a read
 // resolves to exactly the barrier it sits at, and the direction is inherited from
 // that relay (see entry-exit-points.md). The resolved relay is handed to the flow so
 // it opens that exact barrier. An "entry" reader drives the entry side, an "exit"
-// reader the exit side; "both" defers to the flow's own inference (permit: session
+// reader the exit side; "both" defers to the flow's own inference (subscription:
-// state; transient: exit).
+// session state; transient: exit).
 
 export class ReadDispatcher {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #exit: ExitFlow;
-  readonly #permit: PermitFlow;
+  readonly #subscription: SubscriptionFlow;
   readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
 
-  constructor(db: Db, exit: ExitFlow, permit: PermitFlow, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+  constructor(db: Db, exit: ExitFlow, subscription: SubscriptionFlow, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
     this.#db = db;
     this.#exit = exit;
-    this.#permit = permit;
+    this.#subscription = subscription;
     this.#logger = logger;
   }
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ export class ReadDispatcher {
       return { accepted: false, reason: "reader not bound to a barrier (no relay to open)" };
     }
 
-    const permit = this.#permit.match(e);
+    const sub = this.#subscription.match(e);
-    if (permit) {
+    if (sub) {
-      return this.#permit.run(resolved, e, permit);
+      return this.#subscription.run(resolved, e, sub);
     }
-    // Not a permit → transient ticket exit. An ENTRY reader can't produce a transient
+    // Not a subscription → transient ticket exit. An ENTRY reader can't produce a
-    // exit (transient entry is the button flow, not a reader), so reject+log rather
+    // transient exit (transient entry is the button flow, not a reader), so reject+log
-    // than treat an entry scan as an exit.
+    // rather than treat an entry scan as an exit.
     if (resolved.direction === "entry") {
       return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason: "entry reader: no transient entry via reader" };
     }

apps/server/src/routes/device-status.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import type { DeviceMonitor } from "../device-monitor.js";
+
+// Unified device-status snapshot for the booth footer. The DeviceMonitor polls all
+// configured devices (relays/readers/cameras via healthCheck, printers via their
+// rich readStatus) in the background; this exposes its cache. Live updates ride the
+// booth WebSocket (kind:"device-status") — this REST route is the initial load /
+// fallback. Any authenticated role may read (operational, not a setup action).
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, booth-console.md.
+
+export async function deviceStatusRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  monitor: DeviceMonitor,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+
+  app.get("/api/devices/status", { preHandler: guard }, async () => ({
+    devices: monitor.snapshot(),
+  }));
+}

apps/server/src/routes/permits.ts

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
-import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { eq, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
-
-// Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. A permit is mutable master data — admins
-// grant/edit/revoke — but every USE of it is a signed ledger event, so the audit
-// trail stays append-only (see wiki/entities/permit.md). A permit is an aggregate:
-// the permit row + its credentials (card/QR) + its bound plates. The API treats them
-// as one unit (create/update replace the child sets; delete removes all).
-
-interface Credential {
-  kind: "rf" | "qr";
-  value: string;
-}
-interface PermitBody {
-  holderName?: string;
-  contact?: string;
-  /** Car-count binding: cars inside at once. Default 1; null = unbound. */
-  maxConcurrent?: number | null;
-  validFrom?: string | null;
-  validTo?: string | null;
-  status?: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
-  credentials?: Credential[];
-  /** Plate binding (optional): bound plates that also serve as identity. */
-  plates?: string[];
-}
-
-export async function permitRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
-  // Admin manages permits; operator/cashier/readonly may LIST (to look one up).
-  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
-  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
-
-  // Validate the body; returns problems (empty = ok). Shared by create + update.
-  function validate(b: PermitBody): string[] {
-    const errs: string[] = [];
-    if (b.maxConcurrent != null) {
-      if (!Number.isInteger(b.maxConcurrent) || b.maxConcurrent < 1) {
-        errs.push("maxConcurrent must be a positive integer, or null for unbound");
-      }
-    }
-    if (b.status && !["active", "suspended", "revoked"].includes(b.status)) {
-      errs.push("status must be active|suspended|revoked");
-    }
-    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
-      if ((c.kind !== "rf" && c.kind !== "qr") || !c.value?.trim()) {
-        errs.push("each credential needs kind (rf|qr) and a non-empty value");
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if ((b.credentials?.length ?? 0) === 0 && (b.plates?.length ?? 0) === 0) {
-      errs.push("a permit needs at least one credential or one bound plate (else nothing identifies it)");
-    }
-    return errs;
-  }
-
-  function loadAggregate(id: string) {
-    const permit = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, id)).get();
-    if (!permit) return null;
-    const credentials = db.select().from(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).all();
-    const plates = db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).all();
-    return {
-      ...permit,
-      credentials: credentials.map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value })),
-      plates: plates.map((p) => p.plate),
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Replace a permit's child rows (credentials + plates) from the body.
-  function writeChildren(id: string, b: PermitBody) {
-    db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).run();
-    db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).run();
-    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
-      db.insert(permitCredentials).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() }).run();
-    }
-    for (const p of b.plates ?? []) {
-      if (p.trim()) db.insert(permitPlates).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, plate: p.trim() }).run();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // List all permits (with their credentials + plates).
-  app.get("/api/permits", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
-    const rows = db.select().from(permits).all();
-    return { permits: rows.map((r) => loadAggregate(r.id)) };
-  });
-
-  // Create a permit.
-  app.post<{ Body: PermitBody }>("/api/permits", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
-    const b = req.body ?? {};
-    const problems = validate(b);
-    if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
-    const id = randomUUID();
-    db.insert(permits)
-      .values({
-        id,
-        holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
-        contact: b.contact ?? null,
-        maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? 1 : b.maxConcurrent,
-        validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
-        validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
-        status: b.status ?? "active",
-      })
-      .run();
-    writeChildren(id, b);
-    return reply.code(201).send(loadAggregate(id));
-  });
-
-  // Update a permit (replaces fields + child sets).
-  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: PermitBody }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const existing = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).get();
-      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      const b = req.body ?? {};
-      const problems = validate(b);
-      if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
-      db.update(permits)
-        .set({
-          holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
-          contact: b.contact ?? null,
-          maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? existing.maxConcurrent : b.maxConcurrent,
-          validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
-          validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
-          status: b.status ?? existing.status,
-        })
-        .where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id))
-        .run();
-      writeChildren(req.params.id, b);
-      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
-    },
-  );
-
-  // Revoke (soft): the common case — keeps the permit + its history, just bars it.
-  // A revoked permit fails the entry check (see permit-flow.ts). Use DELETE only to
-  // fully remove a permit created in error.
-  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id/revoke",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const r = db.update(permits).set({ status: "revoked" }).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
-      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
-    },
-  );
-
-  // Hard delete a permit + its child rows. (Past ledger events that reference it
-  // are untouched — the audit trail is append-only and independent of this row.)
-  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const r = db.delete(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
-      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
-      db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
-      return reply.code(204).send();
-    },
-  );
-}

apps/server/src/routes/qr-reader.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { eq, devices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import type { DeviceReadEvent } from "../device-events.js";
 import type { ReadDispatcher } from "../read-dispatch.js";
+import type { CredentialCapture } from "../credential-capture.js";
 
 // GEE/Dingtian QR reader endpoint. The reader is configured (vendor tool) with our
 // host as its "server"; on each scan it sends an HTTP GET and BEEPS/acts based on
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
   app: FastifyInstance,
   db: Db,
   dispatcher: ReadDispatcher,
+  capture: CredentialCapture,
 ): Promise<void> {
   // Resolve the lane_devices row whose config.serial matches the reader's reported
   // serial (cjihao). The row id is a normal UUID; the serial is config the admin
@@ -59,10 +61,19 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
     // Map the reader's serial → its assigned lane_devices row id (the dispatcher
     // resolves the lane from that row). If unassigned, deviceId stays the serial so
     // the dispatcher simply finds no lane and rejects (status:0) — never crashes.
-    const deviceId = readerRowIdForSerial(serial) ?? serial;
+    const matchedRowId = readerRowIdForSerial(serial);
+    const deviceId = matchedRowId ?? serial;
 
     let accepted = false;
     if (cardid) {
+      // ENROLLMENT INTERCEPT: if THIS reader is armed for credential capture, grab the
+      // value for the subscription form and do NOT run the access flow (we must not
+      // open a barrier for a card being enrolled). Single-shot — capture auto-disarms.
+      // Reads from the OTHER reader are untouched and dispatch normally below.
+      if (capture.tryConsume(deviceId, cardid)) {
+        app.log.info(`CAPTURE serial=${serial || "?"} device=${matchedRowId ? matchedRowId.slice(0, 8) : "?"} value=${cardid}`);
+        accepted = true; // beep "ok" so the operator knows the card was read
+      } else {
       const read: DeviceReadEvent = {
         driverId: "gee-qr-reader",
         deviceId,
@@ -73,11 +84,19 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
       try {
         const outcome = await dispatcher.dispatch(read);
         accepted = outcome.accepted;
-        if (!accepted) app.log.info(`QR ${cardid} rejected: ${outcome.reason ?? "?"}`);
+        // Per-read diagnostic: which reader (serial) sent it, which configured device
+        // it mapped to, and the verdict — so a barrier/serial mismatch is visible in
+        // the logs (e.g. an entry-side scan resolving to the exit relay).
+        app.log.info(
+          `READ serial=${serial || "?"} → device=${matchedRowId ? matchedRowId.slice(0, 8) : "UNASSIGNED"} ` +
+            `card=${cardid} verdict=${accepted ? "ACCEPT" : "REJECT"}${outcome.direction ? ` dir=${outcome.direction}` : ""}` +
+            `${accepted ? "" : ` reason="${outcome.reason ?? "?"}"`}`,
+        );
       } catch (err) {
         app.log.error(`QR dispatch failed for ${cardid}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
       }
       }
+    }
 
     // Reply the SDK verdict. status 1 → beep 2× (valid) / 0 → beep 1× (invalid).
     // output 0 = Access (drive the reader's access line on a valid read).

apps/server/src/routes/site.ts

@@ -23,18 +23,23 @@ interface SiteConfigBody extends Partial<Record<TextField, string | null>> {
   capacity?: number | null;
   /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
   exitVoucherDefault?: boolean;
+  /** Site default monthly subscription price in minor units (pre-fills the form). */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor?: number | null;
 }
 
-/** Shape returned by GET/PUT: capacity + the booth flag + every metadata field. */
+/** Shape returned by GET/PUT: capacity + the booth flag + the subscription default
-type SiteConfig = { capacity: number | null; exitVoucherDefault: boolean } & Record<
+ *  + every metadata field. */
-  TextField,
+type SiteConfig = {
-  string | null
+  capacity: number | null;
->;
+  exitVoucherDefault: boolean;
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: number | null;
+} & Record<TextField, string | null>;
 
 function toSiteConfig(row: typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect | undefined): SiteConfig {
   const out = {
     capacity: row?.capacity ?? null,
     exitVoucherDefault: row?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false,
+    subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: row?.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor ?? null,
   } as SiteConfig;
   for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) out[f] = row?.[f] ?? null;
   return out;
@@ -79,6 +84,13 @@ export async function siteRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
       }
       patch.exitVoucherDefault = body.exitVoucherDefault;
     }
+    if ("subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor" in body) {
+      const p = body.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor;
+      if (p != null && (!Number.isInteger(p) || p < 0)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor must be a non-negative integer or null" });
+      }
+      patch.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor = p ?? null;
+    }
     for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) {
       if (f in body) patch[f] = normText(body[f]);
     }

apps/server/src/routes/subscriptions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import { randomBytes, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, devices, subscriptionCredentials, subscriptionPlates, subscriptions, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { NoPrinterAvailableError } from "@parking/devices";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { printSubscriptionCard } from "../booth-print.js";
+import type { CredentialCapture } from "../credential-capture.js";
+import { directionOf } from "../device-resolve.js";
+
+// Subscription admin CRUD. A subscription is mutable master data — admins
+// grant/edit/revoke — but every USE of it is a signed ledger event, so the audit
+// trail stays append-only (see wiki/entities/subscription.md). A subscription is an
+// aggregate: the row + its credentials (card/QR) + its bound plates. The API treats
+// them as one unit (create/update replace the child sets; delete removes all).
+//
+// Pricing: priceMinor + period ("monthly") + currency record the recurring plan
+// (e.g. 10,000 ALL / month). Collecting the fee into the ledger/shift is deferred —
+// here we just store the agreed price and the coverage window.
+
+interface Credential {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  /** For RF: the physical card/tag id (required). For QR: optional — left blank, the
+   *  server AUTO-GENERATES an unguessable code (the customer never picks it). */
+  value?: string;
+}
+interface SubscriptionBody {
+  holderName?: string;
+  contact?: string;
+  /** Recurring price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00). null = no price set. */
+  priceMinor?: number | null;
+  period?: "monthly";
+  /** ISO-4217 currency of priceMinor (e.g. "ALL"). */
+  currency?: string | null;
+  /** Car-count binding: cars inside at once. Default 1; null = unbound. */
+  maxConcurrent?: number | null;
+  validFrom?: string | null;
+  validTo?: string | null;
+  /** Months paid for. When set (with validFrom), validTo = validFrom + months — the
+   *  multi-month case (e.g. 3 months). Takes precedence over an explicit validTo. */
+  months?: number | null;
+  status?: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
+  credentials?: Credential[];
+  /** Plate binding (optional): bound plates that also serve as identity. */
+  plates?: string[];
+}
+
+/** Mint an unguessable QR credential value. Namespaced + crypto-random; the reader
+ *  delivers the full string over TCP/IP (the host-in-the-loop path), so length is
+ *  free. base32 (Crockford-ish, no 0/1/O/I ambiguity), uppercased. */
+function newQrCode(): string {
+  const alphabet = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+  const bytes = randomBytes(15);
+  let out = "";
+  for (const b of bytes) out += alphabet[b % 32];
+  return `SUB-${out}`;
+}
+
+/** Add whole months to an ISO datetime, clamping day overflow (e.g. Jan 31 +1mo →
+ *  Feb 28/29). Returns ISO. */
+function addMonths(iso: string, months: number): string {
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  const day = d.getUTCDate();
+  d.setUTCMonth(d.getUTCMonth() + months);
+  // If the month rolled past (e.g. day 31 → next month had fewer days), clamp back.
+  if (d.getUTCDate() < day) d.setUTCDate(0);
+  return d.toISOString();
+}
+
+export async function subscriptionRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  db: Db,
+  capture: CredentialCapture,
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Admin manages subscriptions; operator/cashier/readonly may LIST (to look one up).
+  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+
+  // Validate the body; returns problems (empty = ok). Shared by create + update.
+  function validate(b: SubscriptionBody): string[] {
+    const errs: string[] = [];
+    if (b.maxConcurrent != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.maxConcurrent) || b.maxConcurrent < 1) {
+        errs.push("maxConcurrent must be a positive integer, or null for unbound");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.priceMinor != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.priceMinor) || b.priceMinor < 0) {
+        errs.push("priceMinor must be a non-negative integer (minor units), or null");
+      }
+      if (!b.currency?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("currency is required when a price is set");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.period != null && b.period !== "monthly") {
+      errs.push("period must be 'monthly' (the only period supported today)");
+    }
+    if (b.months != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.months) || b.months < 1) {
+        errs.push("months must be a positive integer");
+      }
+      if (!b.validFrom?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("validFrom is required when months is set (validTo = validFrom + months)");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.status && !["active", "suspended", "revoked"].includes(b.status)) {
+      errs.push("status must be active|suspended|revoked");
+    }
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      if (c.kind !== "rf" && c.kind !== "qr") {
+        errs.push("each credential needs kind (rf|qr)");
+        break;
+      }
+      // RF must carry the physical card id; QR may be blank (server auto-generates).
+      if (c.kind === "rf" && !c.value?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("an RF credential needs a non-empty value (the card/tag id)");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if ((b.credentials?.length ?? 0) === 0 && (b.plates?.length ?? 0) === 0) {
+      errs.push("a subscription needs at least one credential or one bound plate (else nothing identifies it)");
+    }
+    return errs;
+  }
+
+  function loadAggregate(id: string) {
+    const sub = db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, id)).get();
+    if (!sub) return null;
+    const credentials = db.select().from(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, id)).all();
+    const plates = db.select().from(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, id)).all();
+    return {
+      ...sub,
+      credentials: credentials.map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value })),
+      plates: plates.map((p) => p.plate),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Is this credential value already used by ANY subscription? (Global uniqueness —
+   *  a value is the lane identity, so it must resolve to one subscription.) */
+  function valueTaken(value: string): boolean {
+    return db.select().from(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.value, value)).get() != null;
+  }
+
+  /** A fresh, collision-free QR code (retries on the astronomically unlikely clash). */
+  function mintQrCode(): string {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i += 1) {
+      const code = newQrCode();
+      if (!valueTaken(code)) return code;
+    }
+    throw new Error("could not mint a unique QR code");
+  }
+
+  // Replace a subscription's child rows (credentials + plates) from the body. QR
+  // credentials with no value are SERVER-GENERATED here (the customer never picks the
+  // code). The generated value is returned via loadAggregate so the UI can print it.
+  function writeChildren(id: string, b: SubscriptionBody) {
+    db.delete(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, id)).run();
+    db.delete(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, id)).run();
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      const supplied = c.value?.trim();
+      // QR + blank → auto-generate; otherwise use the supplied value (RF card id, or a
+      // QR being preserved on edit).
+      const value = supplied && supplied.length > 0 ? supplied : c.kind === "qr" ? mintQrCode() : "";
+      if (!value) continue; // guarded by validate(); defensive
+      db.insert(subscriptionCredentials).values({ id: randomUUID(), subscriptionId: id, kind: c.kind, value }).run();
+    }
+    for (const p of b.plates ?? []) {
+      if (p.trim()) db.insert(subscriptionPlates).values({ id: randomUUID(), subscriptionId: id, plate: p.trim() }).run();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve the coverage end: months (validFrom + months) wins over an explicit validTo. */
+  function resolveValidTo(b: SubscriptionBody, fallback: string | null): string | null {
+    if (b.months != null && b.validFrom?.trim()) return addMonths(b.validFrom.trim(), b.months);
+    if (b.validTo !== undefined) return b.validTo ?? null;
+    return fallback;
+  }
+
+  // List all subscriptions (with their credentials + plates).
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(subscriptions).all();
+    return { subscriptions: rows.map((r) => loadAggregate(r.id)) };
+  });
+
+  // --- Credential capture ("enroll a card") -------------------------------
+  // The operator picks a reader and presents an RFID card to it; the next read on
+  // that reader is captured for the form instead of opening a barrier. The OTHER
+  // reader keeps serving the live flow. Single-shot + TTL. See credential-capture.ts.
+
+  // The readers the operator can capture on (entry/exit by their bound relay).
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions/readers", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.category, "reader")).all();
+    return {
+      readers: rows
+        .filter((r) => r.enabled)
+        .map((r) => ({ id: r.id, driverId: r.driverId, direction: directionOf(db, r) })),
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Arm capture on a reader (by devices.id). Operator-or-admin (booth action).
+  app.post<{ Body: { deviceId?: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/capture/arm",
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const deviceId = (req.body?.deviceId ?? "").trim();
+      if (!deviceId) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "deviceId required" });
+      const reader = db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.id, deviceId)).get();
+      if (!reader || reader.category !== "reader" || !reader.enabled) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such enabled reader" });
+      }
+      return capture.arm(deviceId);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Poll the capture state (idle | armed | captured | expired). The form polls this
+  // and, on "captured", reads `value` into the credential field then clears it.
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions/capture", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => capture.state());
+
+  // Operator cancelled / closed the form — disarm and clear any result.
+  app.post("/api/subscriptions/capture/cancel", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    capture.cancel();
+    capture.clear();
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
+  // Create a subscription.
+  app.post<{ Body: SubscriptionBody }>("/api/subscriptions", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const b = req.body ?? {};
+    const problems = validate(b);
+    if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid subscription", problems });
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    db.insert(subscriptions)
+      .values({
+        id,
+        holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+        contact: b.contact ?? null,
+        priceMinor: b.priceMinor ?? null,
+        period: b.period ?? "monthly",
+        currency: b.priceMinor != null ? (b.currency ?? null) : null,
+        maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? 1 : b.maxConcurrent,
+        validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+        validTo: resolveValidTo(b, null),
+        status: b.status ?? "active",
+      })
+      .run();
+    writeChildren(id, b);
+    const sub = loadAggregate(id);
+    // Auto-print the QR card so the operator can hand it to the customer. Best-effort:
+    // a print failure NEVER fails the create (the subscription + its code are saved);
+    // the response carries { printed, printError } so the UI can warn + offer reprint.
+    const printResult = await tryPrintCard(sub);
+    return reply.code(201).send({ ...sub, ...printResult });
+  });
+
+  /** The first QR credential's code for a subscription aggregate, or null. */
+  function qrCodeOf(sub: ReturnType<typeof loadAggregate>): string | null {
+    const cred = sub?.credentials.find((c) => c.kind === "qr");
+    return cred?.value ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /** Best-effort print of a subscription's QR card. Returns a flag + optional error
+   *  (never throws). No QR credential → nothing to print (printed:false, no error). */
+  async function tryPrintCard(
+    sub: ReturnType<typeof loadAggregate>,
+  ): Promise<{ printed: boolean; printedBy?: string; printError?: string }> {
+    const code = qrCodeOf(sub);
+    if (!sub || !code) return { printed: false };
+    try {
+      const printedBy = await printSubscriptionCard(
+        db,
+        { code, holderName: sub.holderName, validFrom: sub.validFrom, validTo: sub.validTo },
+        app.log,
+      );
+      return { printed: true, printedBy };
+    } catch (err) {
+      const printError = err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError ? err.message : (err as Error).message;
+      app.log.warn(`subscription card print failed for ${sub.id}: ${printError}`);
+      return { printed: false, printError };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Update a subscription (replaces fields + child sets).
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: SubscriptionBody }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const existing = db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      const b = req.body ?? {};
+      const problems = validate(b);
+      if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid subscription", problems });
+      db.update(subscriptions)
+        .set({
+          holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+          contact: b.contact ?? null,
+          priceMinor: b.priceMinor === undefined ? existing.priceMinor : b.priceMinor,
+          period: b.period ?? existing.period,
+          currency:
+            b.priceMinor === undefined
+              ? existing.currency
+              : b.priceMinor != null
+                ? (b.currency ?? null)
+                : null,
+          maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? existing.maxConcurrent : b.maxConcurrent,
+          validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+          validTo: resolveValidTo(b, existing.validTo),
+          status: b.status ?? existing.status,
+        })
+        .where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id))
+        .run();
+      writeChildren(req.params.id, b);
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Re-print the subscription's QR card (failed auto-print, lost card, re-hand to the
+  // customer). Operator-or-admin (it's a booth action, not a master-data edit). 404 if
+  // the subscription is gone; 409 if it has no QR credential; 503 if no printer.
+  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id/print",
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const sub = loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+      if (!sub) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      const code = qrCodeOf(sub);
+      if (!code) return reply.code(409).send({ error: "subscription has no QR credential to print" });
+      try {
+        const printedBy = await printSubscriptionCard(
+          db,
+          { code, holderName: sub.holderName, validFrom: sub.validFrom, validTo: sub.validTo },
+          app.log,
+        );
+        return reply.code(200).send({ ok: true, printedBy });
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError) return reply.code(503).send({ error: err.message });
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Revoke (soft): the common case — keeps the subscription + its history, just bars
+  // it. A revoked subscription fails the entry check (see subscription-flow.ts). Use
+  // DELETE only to fully remove one created in error.
+  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id/revoke",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.update(subscriptions).set({ status: "revoked" }).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Hard delete a subscription + its child rows. (Past ledger events that reference it
+  // are untouched — the audit trail is append-only and independent of this row.)
+  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.delete(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      db.delete(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, req.params.id)).run();
+      db.delete(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, req.params.id)).run();
+      return reply.code(204).send();
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/ws.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import type { Db } from "@parking/db";
 import type { Role } from "@parking/shared";
 import { deviceEvents } from "../device-events.js";
+import type { DeviceMonitor } from "../device-monitor.js";
 import { getOccupancy } from "../occupancy.js";
 
 // Live booth feed over a WebSocket. The booth UI opens ONE socket and receives
@@ -49,11 +50,12 @@ function isAllowedOrigin(origin: string | undefined, host: string | undefined):
 }
 
 type OutMsg =
-  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy> }
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy>; devices: unknown }
   | { kind: "ledger"; event: unknown; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy> }
-  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown };
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown }
+  | { kind: "device-status"; event: unknown };
 
-export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db, deviceMonitor: DeviceMonitor): Promise<void> {
   app.get(
     "/api/ws",
     {
@@ -83,8 +85,9 @@ export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
         }
       };
 
-      // Initial snapshot so the client renders immediately, before any event.
+      // Initial snapshot so the client renders immediately, before any event:
-      send({ kind: "hello", occupancy: getOccupancy(db) });
+      // occupancy AND the current device-status set (for the footer).
+      send({ kind: "hello", occupancy: getOccupancy(db), devices: deviceMonitor.snapshot() });
 
       // Subscribe to the live buses. Each handler recomputes occupancy from the
       // ledger (cheap fold) so the pushed count is always authoritative.
@@ -94,10 +97,16 @@ export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
       const offPrinter = deviceEvents.onPrinterStatus((event) => {
         send({ kind: "printer-status", event });
       });
+      // Unified device status (all categories) for the booth footer — pushed on
+      // change; the initial set rode the hello above.
+      const offDevice = deviceEvents.onDeviceStatus((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "device-status", event });
+      });
 
       socket.on("close", () => {
         offLedger();
         offPrinter();
+        offDevice();
       });
     },
   );

apps/server/src/server.ts

@@ -10,16 +10,18 @@ import { EntryFlow } from "./entry-flow.js";
 import { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
 import { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
 import { PayStation } from "./pay-station.js";
-import { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import { SubscriptionFlow } from "./subscription-flow.js";
 import { ShiftService } from "./shift-service.js";
 import { ReadDispatcher } from "./read-dispatch.js";
+import { CredentialCapture } from "./credential-capture.js";
 import { PrinterMonitor } from "./printer-monitor.js";
+import { DeviceMonitor } from "./device-monitor.js";
 import { buildSigner, buildVerifier } from "./signer.js";
 import { authRoutes } from "./routes/auth.js";
 import { deviceRoutes } from "./routes/devices.js";
 import { eventRoutes } from "./routes/events.js";
 import { payRoutes } from "./routes/pay.js";
-import { permitRoutes } from "./routes/permits.js";
+import { subscriptionRoutes } from "./routes/subscriptions.js";
 import { qrReaderRoutes } from "./routes/qr-reader.js";
 import { shiftRoutes } from "./routes/shift.js";
 import { siteRoutes } from "./routes/site.js";
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ import { snapshotRoutes } from "./routes/snapshots.js";
 import { tariffRoutes } from "./routes/tariffs.js";
 import { printerRoutes } from "./routes/printers.js";
 import { setupRoutes } from "./routes/setup.js";
+import { deviceStatusRoutes } from "./routes/device-status.js";
 import { wsRoutes } from "./routes/ws.js";
 
 // The backend is Fastify (Node). Hardware drivers live as isolated Fastify
@@ -86,6 +89,15 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   app.addHook("onReady", async () => printerMonitor.start());
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => printerMonitor.stop());
 
+  // Unified device-status monitor: polls EVERY configured device (relays/readers/
+  // cameras via healthCheck, printers via rich readStatus) and feeds the booth's
+  // device-status footer over the WS. Read-only — never drives a relay.
+  // See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md.
+  const deviceMonitor = new DeviceMonitor(db, app.log);
+  await deviceStatusRoutes(app, deviceMonitor);
+  app.addHook("onReady", async () => deviceMonitor.start());
+  app.addHook("onClose", async () => deviceMonitor.stop());
+
   // Append-only signed business LEDGER (ledger_events). Holds only business facts
   // (vehicle_entry/exit, payment, void, …) — the anti-fraud audit trail. A raw
   // button press is NOT a business fact: it's device telemetry, recorded UNSIGNED
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
 
   // Live booth feed: server-pushed ledger + occupancy + printer-status over a
   // single authenticated WebSocket (/api/ws). See routes/ws.ts.
-  await wsRoutes(app, db);
+  await wsRoutes(app, db, deviceMonitor);
 
   // Entry/exit camera snapshots (BLOB-in-DB), read-only. See snapshot.ts.
   await snapshotRoutes(app, db);
@@ -117,20 +129,27 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeEntry());
 
   // Read-driven flows: a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) routes via the
-  // dispatcher to either the PERMIT flow (if it matches a permit) or the transient
+  // dispatcher to either the SUBSCRIPTION flow (if it matches a subscription) or the
-  // EXIT flow. See read-dispatch.ts, exit-flow.ts, permit-flow.ts, parking-session.md.
+  // transient EXIT flow. See read-dispatch.ts, exit-flow.ts, subscription-flow.ts,
+  // parking-session.md.
   const exitFlow = new ExitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
-  const permitFlow = new PermitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  const subscriptionFlow = new SubscriptionFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
-  const readDispatcher = new ReadDispatcher(db, exitFlow, permitFlow, app.log);
+  const readDispatcher = new ReadDispatcher(db, exitFlow, subscriptionFlow, app.log);
   const unsubscribeRead = deviceEvents.onRead((e) => {
     void readDispatcher.dispatch(e);
   });
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeRead());
 
+  // Credential capture ("enroll a card"): lets the operator present an RFID card to a
+  // CHOSEN reader to populate a subscription credential, without blocking the other
+  // reader's live flow. Single-shot + TTL. See credential-capture.ts.
+  const credentialCapture = new CredentialCapture();
+
   // GEE/Dingtian QR reader: it HTTP-GETs on each scan and beeps/acts on our JSON
-  // verdict (host-in-the-loop, synchronous). Routes the read through the dispatcher
+  // verdict (host-in-the-loop, synchronous). The capture service can intercept a read
-  // and replies the SDK verdict. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md, qrcode-sdk.md.
+  // on an armed reader for enrollment; otherwise the read routes through the
-  await qrReaderRoutes(app, db, readDispatcher);
+  // dispatcher. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md, qrcode-sdk.md.
+  await qrReaderRoutes(app, db, readDispatcher, credentialCapture);
 
   // Shifts (manned mode): explicit open/close → signed shift_open / shift_z_report
   // (sum payments by tender, print the Z-report). Constructed before the pay routes
@@ -147,8 +166,9 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   // the pay station prices against. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
   await tariffRoutes(app, db);
 
-  // Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+  // Subscription admin CRUD + credential capture (arm/poll/cancel). See
-  await permitRoutes(app, db);
+  // wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+  await subscriptionRoutes(app, db, credentialCapture);
 
   // Shift open/close + drawer endpoints (shiftService constructed above).
   await shiftRoutes(app, shiftService);

apps/server/src/snapshot.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { devicesByDirection, type FlowDirection } from "./device-resolve.js";
 interface SnapshotJob {
   readonly db: Db;
   readonly direction: FlowDirection;
-  /** Session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit car key) — links to the ledger. */
+  /** Session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, subscription car key) — links to the ledger. */
   readonly identity: string;
   readonly logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
 }

apps/server/src/subscription-flow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import {
+  eq,
+  ledgerEvents,
+  sessions,
+  subscriptionCredentials,
+  subscriptionPlates,
+  subscriptions,
+  type Db,
+  type DeviceRow,
+} from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+import { type FlowDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
+
+// SUBSCRIPTION flow: a subscriber identified by card/QR/plate enters/exits without
+// paying per stay (they're on a recurring plan). Reached from the read dispatcher
+// when a read matches a subscription (not an open ticket). See
+// wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+//
+// Two optional, independent bindings:
+//   - car-count: `maxConcurrent` (default 1, null = unbound) — how many of the
+//     subscription's cars may be inside at once; enforced over the session projection.
+//   - plate: optional `plates[]` — when set, a matching plate is an accepted identity
+//     too (card/QR OR plate). When unset, any car may use the subscription's card/QR.
+//
+// Direction is inferred from the SUBSCRIPTION's open-session state, NOT the specific
+// credential read — so ANY of a subscription's credentials (QR / RFID / NFC / plate)
+// may open or close a session. Entry mints a fresh per-occurrence session id (the
+// ledger `identity`); a read with no open occurrence → ENTRY; with ≥1 open → EXIT the
+// OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO). A fleet (maxConcurrent > 1) thus has several open
+// occurrences at once; each read closes one. This decouples exit from the entry
+// credential (you can enter with QR and leave with the card).
+//
+// NB: the SIGNED ledger payload still carries `permitId` (immutable history — see the
+// schema note); the per-occurrence `identity` is the session key. The mutable master
+// data / code is "subscription"; the on-chain field name is left as-is so historical
+// events keep verifying.
+
+export interface SubscriptionMatch {
+  readonly subscriptionId: string;
+  /** The specific credential/plate value read (for logging/anomalies). NOT the
+   *  session key — sessions are keyed by subscription occurrence, so a different
+   *  credential of the same subscription can close the session it opened. */
+  readonly carKey: string;
+  readonly via: "card" | "qr" | "plate";
+}
+
+export class SubscriptionFlow {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve a read to a subscription (by card/QR credential, or a bound plate), or null. */
+  match(e: DeviceReadEvent): SubscriptionMatch | null {
+    // Card / QR / generic credential value.
+    const cred = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(subscriptionCredentials)
+      .where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.value, e.value))
+      .get();
+    if (cred) {
+      return { subscriptionId: cred.subscriptionId, carKey: e.value, via: cred.kind === "qr" ? "qr" : "card" };
+    }
+    // Plate binding: a read plate that matches a subscription's bound plate is an identity.
+    if (e.kind === "plate") {
+      const plate = this.#db.select().from(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.plate, e.value)).get();
+      if (plate) return { subscriptionId: plate.subscriptionId, carKey: e.value, via: "plate" };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** Run the subscription entry/exit for a matched read at a barrier. `resolved` is the
+   *  reader's bound relay; its direction constrains, "both" defers to session state. */
+  async run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: SubscriptionMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const key = `${m.subscriptionId}:${m.carKey}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      return await this.#run(resolved, e, m);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`subscription-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: SubscriptionMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const sub = this.#db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, m.subscriptionId)).get();
+    if (!sub) return { accepted: false, reason: "subscription not found" };
+
+    // Validity: active + within the coverage window.
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    const invalid =
+      sub.status !== "active" ||
+      (sub.validFrom != null && now < sub.validFrom) ||
+      (sub.validTo != null && now > sub.validTo);
+    if (invalid) {
+      const reason = `subscription ${sub.status}/out-of-window`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, reason };
+    }
+
+    // Direction: the BARRIER the reader sits at decides the verb — an entry-lane read
+    // is an ENTRY, an exit-lane read is an EXIT. (The credential is decoupled from the
+    // session, so we can't and needn't infer from "which credential".) A "both" barrier
+    // has no physical side, so there we infer from state: open occurrence → exit, else
+    // entry. This is what lets a FLEET admit several cars (each entry-lane read is an
+    // entry) yet exit any of them with ANY credential (FIFO).
+    const open = this.#openOccurrences(m.subscriptionId);
+    const verb: FlowDirection =
+      resolved.direction === "entry"
+        ? "entry"
+        : resolved.direction === "exit"
+          ? "exit"
+          : open.length > 0
+            ? "exit"
+            : "entry";
+
+    const source = m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand";
+
+    if (verb === "exit") {
+      // EXIT: close the OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO). Its occurrence id is the session
+      // key; the credential just read may differ from the one that opened it. If the
+      // subscription has NOTHING open, an exit read is a no-op anti-passback signal.
+      const oldest = open[0];
+      if (!oldest) {
+        const reason = "subscription exit with no open session (already out / never entered)";
+        await this.#reject(m, reason);
+        return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
+      }
+      const occurrenceId = oldest.identity;
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "vehicle_exit",
+        direction: "exit",
+        source,
+        identity: occurrenceId,
+        // `permitId` carries the subscription id; `via` records which credential left.
+        payload: { sessionRef: occurrenceId, permitId: m.subscriptionId, via: m.via },
+      });
+      await this.#open(resolved, "exit", occurrenceId, "subscription exit");
+      this.#closeCache(occurrenceId);
+      return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+    }
+
+    // ENTRY: enforce the car-count binding (maxConcurrent), then sign + open. Mint a
+    // fresh per-occurrence id so a fleet can have several open at once.
+    if (sub.maxConcurrent != null && open.length >= sub.maxConcurrent) {
+      const reason = `subscription at capacity (${open.length}/${sub.maxConcurrent} cars in)`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason };
+    }
+
+    // A short, unique occurrence id. The subscription id is NOT embedded — it rides in
+    // the payload's `permitId` (which every fold matches on), so the key stays compact.
+    const occurrenceId = `SUBSESS-${randomUUID().replace(/-/g, "").slice(0, 12)}`;
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_entry",
+      direction: "entry",
+      source,
+      identity: occurrenceId,
+      // No ticket, no fee — the subscription IS the authorization. Recorded for audit.
+      // `permitId`/`permit` are the on-chain field names (immutable).
+      payload: { sessionRef: occurrenceId, permitId: m.subscriptionId, permit: true, via: m.via },
+      occurredAt: now,
+    });
+    await this.#open(resolved, "entry", occurrenceId, "subscription entry");
+    try {
+      this.#db
+        .insert(sessions)
+        .values({
+          id: occurrenceId,
+          identity: occurrenceId,
+          source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : "wiegand",
+          subscriptionId: m.subscriptionId,
+          enteredAt: now,
+          state: "open",
+        })
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${occurrenceId}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+    return { accepted: true, direction: "entry" };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The OPEN occurrences of a subscription right now, **oldest first** (FIFO) — a
+   * fold over the signed ledger. An occurrence is a `vehicle_entry` (whose
+   * `payload.permitId` is this subscription) with no later `vehicle_exit` on the same
+   * `identity`. Used to (a) infer entry vs. exit for ANY credential of the
+   * subscription, (b) pick which occurrence a read closes, and (c) enforce
+   * `maxConcurrent`. The on-chain field is `permitId`, so we match against that.
+   */
+  #openOccurrences(subscriptionId: string): { identity: string; index: number }[] {
+    const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
+    // Net entries−exits per occurrence identity, keeping the entry order (oldest first).
+    const net = new Map<string, number>();
+    const firstIndex = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const id = r.identity;
+      if (!id) continue;
+      const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as { permitId?: string };
+      if (r.type === "vehicle_entry") {
+        if (pl.permitId !== subscriptionId) continue;
+        net.set(id, (net.get(id) ?? 0) + 1);
+        if (!firstIndex.has(id)) firstIndex.set(id, r.index);
+      } else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") {
+        if (!net.has(id)) continue; // not one of this subscription's occurrences
+        net.set(id, (net.get(id) ?? 0) - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    const open: { identity: string; index: number }[] = [];
+    for (const [id, n] of net) if (n > 0) open.push({ identity: id, index: firstIndex.get(id) ?? 0 });
+    open.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index); // oldest first → FIFO
+    return open;
+  }
+
+  async #reject(m: SubscriptionMatch, reason: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "anomaly",
+      identity: m.carKey,
+      // `permitId`/`permitRefused` are the on-chain field names (immutable).
+      payload: { reason: `subscription refused — ${reason}`, permitId: m.subscriptionId, permitRefused: true },
+    });
+    this.#logger.warn(`subscription refused (${m.carKey}): ${reason}`);
+  }
+
+  async #open(resolved: ResolvedRelay, dir: FlowDirection, carKey: string, what: string): Promise<void> {
+    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+    else this.#logger.warn(`${what} signed for ${carKey} but the ${dir} relay won't build`);
+
+    // SNAPSHOT — fire the directional camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
+    void snapshotAsync({
+      db: this.#db,
+      direction: dir,
+      identity: carKey,
+      logger: this.#logger,
+    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`subscription snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+  }
+
+  #closeCache(carKey: string): void {
+    try {
+      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" }).where(eq(sessions.id, carKey)).run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
+  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/web/src/ActiveSessions.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { Panel } from "./ui/Panel.js";
 // See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
 
 function statusBadge(s: ActiveSession): { key: string; cls: string } {
+  if (s.subscription) return { key: "booth.badgeSubscription", cls: "text-term-cyan" };
   if (!s.open && s.withinGrace) return { key: "booth.badgeExiting", cls: "text-term-cyan" };
   if (s.paidAt) return { key: "booth.badgePaid", cls: "text-term-green" };
   return { key: "booth.badgeUnpaid", cls: "text-term-amber" };
@@ -90,7 +91,9 @@ export function ActiveSessions({ onPick }: { onPick: (identity: string) => void
                   className="flex flex-1 items-center gap-3 text-left hover:text-term-amber"
                   title={t("booth.openPayExit")}
                 >
-                  <span className="text-term-text">{s.identity}</span>
+                  <span className="text-term-text">
+                    {s.subscription ? `★ ${s.subscriptionHolder ?? t("subs.unnamed")}` : s.identity}
+                  </span>
                   <span className="text-term-muted">
                     {t("booth.inAt")} {formatTime(s.enteredAt)}
                   </span>
@@ -98,8 +101,9 @@ export function ActiveSessions({ onPick }: { onPick: (identity: string) => void
                   <span className={`ml-auto w-16 text-right font-semibold uppercase ${badge.cls}`}>{t(badge.key)}</span>
                 </button>
 
-                {/* Open barrier — PAID sessions only (no payment, no button). */}
+                {/* Open barrier — PAID transient OR a SUBSCRIPTION (prepaid). An
-                {s.paidAt ? (
+                    unpaid transient has no button (no-unpaid-bypass). */}
+                {s.paidAt || s.subscription ? (
                   <button
                     type="button"
                     disabled={reopen.isPending || !shiftReady}

apps/web/src/BoothPayModal.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   openShift,
   paySession,
   printVoucher,
+  reopenBarrier,
   type SessionLookup,
 } from "./api.js";
 import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
@@ -48,7 +49,26 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
   const voucher = printVoucherChecked ?? config.data?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false;
 
   const alreadyPaid = s?.paidAt != null;
-  const canPay = shiftReady && s?.found && s.open && !alreadyPaid;
+  const isSubscription = s?.subscription === true;
+  // A subscription is prepaid: never charged. The only booth action is an audited
+  // barrier open to ASSIST (faulty exit reader / lost card). Transient pay path is off.
+  const canPay = shiftReady && s?.found && s.open && !alreadyPaid && !isSubscription;
+
+  async function handleOpenBarrier() {
+    if (!s) return;
+    setError(null);
+    setPhase("finishing");
+    try {
+      const r = await reopenBarrier(identity);
+      setResult(r.opened ? t("pay.subBarrierOpened") : t("pay.paidExitRecorded", { reason: r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually") }));
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+      setPhase("done");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+      setPhase("error");
+    }
+  }
 
   async function handleOpenShift() {
     setOpeningShift(true);
@@ -106,7 +126,9 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
         >
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-4 py-2">
             <Dialog.Title className="m-0 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
-              {t("pay.ticket")} {identity}
+              {isSubscription
+                ? `${t("pay.subscription")} · ${s?.subscriptionHolder ?? t("subs.unnamed")}`
+                : `${t("pay.ticket")} ${identity}`}
             </Dialog.Title>
             <Dialog.Close className="text-term-muted hover:text-term-text" aria-label={t("common.close")}>
               ✕
@@ -173,16 +195,20 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
                   />
                   <Row
                     label={t("pay.statusLabel")}
-                    value={alreadyPaid ? t("pay.paid") : t("pay.unpaid")}
+                    value={isSubscription ? t("pay.subscription") : alreadyPaid ? t("pay.paid") : t("pay.unpaid")}
-                    valueClass={alreadyPaid ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-amber"}
+                    valueClass={isSubscription ? "text-term-cyan" : alreadyPaid ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-amber"}
                   />
                 </div>
 
-                {/* Total */}
+                {/* Total — a subscription is prepaid (no amount); show a badge. */}
                 <div className="flex items-end justify-between rounded-term bg-term-panel-2 px-3 py-2">
-                  <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("pay.total")}</span>
+                  <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+                    {isSubscription ? t("pay.plan") : t("pay.total")}
+                  </span>
                   <span className="text-3xl font-bold text-term-cyan">
-                    {s.amountMinor != null && s.currency
+                    {isSubscription
+                      ? t("pay.prepaid")
+                      : s.amountMinor != null && s.currency
                         ? formatMoney(s.amountMinor, s.currency)
                         : alreadyPaid
                           ? t("booth.badgePaid")
@@ -190,10 +216,17 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
                   </span>
                 </div>
 
+                {/* For a subscription, explain the only available action. */}
+                {isSubscription && (
+                  <div className="rounded-term border border-term-cyan/40 bg-term-cyan/5 px-3 py-2 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+                    {t("pay.subAssistHint")}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
                 {/* Snapshots */}
                 <SnapshotStrip identity={identity} />
 
-                {phase !== "done" && (
+                {phase !== "done" && !isSubscription && (
                   <>
                     {/* Tender */}
                     {canPay && (
@@ -253,6 +286,18 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
                       >
                         {t("common.cancel")}
                       </button>
+                      {isSubscription ? (
+                        // Prepaid — the only action is the audited barrier open (assist
+                        // a faulty exit reader / missing card). Gated on an open shift.
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          onClick={handleOpenBarrier}
+                          disabled={!shiftReady || phase === "finishing"}
+                          className="rounded-term border border-term-cyan bg-term-cyan/10 px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-cyan disabled:opacity-50"
+                        >
+                          {phase === "finishing" ? t("pay.opening") : t("booth.openBarrier")}
+                        </button>
+                      ) : (
                         <button
                           type="button"
                           onClick={handlePayAndExit}
@@ -273,6 +318,7 @@ export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose
                                   ? t("pay.payAndVoucher")
                                   : t("pay.payAndOpen")}
                         </button>
+                      )}
                     </>
                   )}
                 </div>

apps/web/src/PermitManager.tsx

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
-import {
-  ApiError,
-  createPermit,
-  deletePermit,
-  fetchPermits,
-  revokePermit,
-  updatePermit,
-  type Permit,
-  type PermitCredential,
-  type PermitInput,
-} from "./api.js";
-
-// Permit (subscription) admin. Create/edit/revoke/delete permits + their
-// credentials (card/QR) and bound plates. A permit is mutable master data; every
-// USE of it is a signed ledger event elsewhere. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
-
-interface FormState {
-  holderName: string;
-  contact: string;
-  carBound: boolean; // false = unbound (maxConcurrent null)
-  maxConcurrent: string;
-  validFrom: string;
-  validTo: string;
-  credentials: PermitCredential[];
-  platesText: string; // comma/space separated
-}
-
-function emptyForm(): FormState {
-  return { holderName: "", contact: "", carBound: true, maxConcurrent: "1", validFrom: "", validTo: "", credentials: [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }], platesText: "" };
-}
-function formFrom(p: Permit): FormState {
-  return {
-    holderName: p.holderName ?? "",
-    contact: p.contact ?? "",
-    carBound: p.maxConcurrent != null,
-    maxConcurrent: p.maxConcurrent != null ? String(p.maxConcurrent) : "1",
-    validFrom: p.validFrom ?? "",
-    validTo: p.validTo ?? "",
-    credentials: p.credentials.length ? p.credentials : [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }],
-    platesText: p.plates.join(", "),
-  };
-}
-const STATUS_KEY: Record<Permit["status"], string> = {
-  active: "permits.statusActive",
-  suspended: "permits.statusSuspended",
-  revoked: "permits.statusRevoked",
-};
-
-function toInput(f: FormState): PermitInput {
-  return {
-    holderName: f.holderName.trim() || null,
-    contact: f.contact.trim() || null,
-    maxConcurrent: f.carBound ? Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.maxConcurrent) || 1)) : null,
-    validFrom: f.validFrom.trim() || null,
-    validTo: f.validTo.trim() || null,
-    credentials: f.credentials.filter((c) => c.value.trim()).map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() })),
-    plates: f.platesText.split(/[,\s]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean),
-  };
-}
-
-export function PermitManager() {
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
-  const [permits, setPermits] = useState<Permit[] | null>(null);
-  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<string | "new" | null>(null);
-  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(emptyForm);
-  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
-
-  function reload() {
-    fetchPermits()
-      .then((r) => setPermits(r.permits))
-      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-  }
-  useEffect(reload, []);
-
-  function startNew() {
-    setForm(emptyForm());
-    setEditing("new");
-    setMsg(null);
-  }
-  function startEdit(p: Permit) {
-    setForm(formFrom(p));
-    setEditing(p.id);
-    setMsg(null);
-  }
-
-  async function save() {
-    setMsg(null);
-    try {
-      if (editing === "new") await createPermit(toInput(form));
-      else if (editing) await updatePermit(editing, toInput(form));
-      setEditing(null);
-      reload();
-      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("permits.permitSaved") });
-    } catch (e) {
-      const problems = e instanceof ApiError ? (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems : undefined;
-      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: problems?.length ? `${(e as Error).message}: ${problems.join("; ")}` : (e as Error).message });
-    }
-  }
-  async function doRevoke(p: Permit) {
-    if (!confirm(t("permits.confirmRevoke", { name: p.holderName ?? p.id }))) return;
-    await revokePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-    reload();
-  }
-  async function doDelete(p: Permit) {
-    if (!confirm(t("permits.confirmDelete", { name: p.holderName ?? p.id }))) return;
-    await deletePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-    reload();
-  }
-
-  function setCred(i: number, patch: Partial<PermitCredential>) {
-    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.map((c, j) => (j === i ? { ...c, ...patch } : c)) }));
-  }
-
-  if (!permits) return null;
-
-  return (
-    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
-      <h2>{t("permits.title")}</h2>
-      <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
-        {permits.map((p) => (
-          <li key={p.id} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", padding: "0.4rem 0", borderBottom: "1px solid #eee" }}>
-            <strong>{p.holderName ?? t("permits.unnamed")}</strong>
-            <span style={{ color: p.status === "active" ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>{t(STATUS_KEY[p.status])}</span>
-            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>
-              {p.maxConcurrent == null ? t("permits.unbound") : t("permits.car", { count: p.maxConcurrent })} ·{" "}
-              {p.credentials.length} {t("permits.cred")} · {t("permits.plates", { count: p.plates.length })}
-            </span>
-            <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => startEdit(p)}>{t("permits.edit")}</button>
-            {p.status !== "revoked" && <button type="button" onClick={() => doRevoke(p)}>{t("permits.revoke")}</button>}
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => doDelete(p)}>{t("permits.delete")}</button>
-          </li>
-        ))}
-        {permits.length === 0 && <li style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("permits.noPermitsYet")}</li>}
-      </ul>
-
-      {editing == null ? (
-        <button type="button" onClick={startNew}>{t("permits.addPermit")}</button>
-      ) : (
-        <div style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", padding: "1rem", marginTop: "0.5rem", maxWidth: 460 }}>
-          <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{editing === "new" ? t("permits.newPermit") : t("permits.editPermit")}</h3>
-          <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
-            <label>{t("permits.holderName")}</label>
-            <input value={form.holderName} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, holderName: e.target.value }))} />
-            <label>{t("permits.contact")}</label>
-            <input value={form.contact} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, contact: e.target.value }))} />
-            <label>{t("permits.carLimit")}</label>
-            <span>
-              <label style={{ marginRight: "0.5rem" }}>
-                <input type="checkbox" checked={form.carBound} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, carBound: e.target.checked }))} /> {t("permits.limitCarsInAtOnce")}
-              </label>
-              {form.carBound && (
-                <input value={form.maxConcurrent} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, maxConcurrent: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 50 }} />
-              )}
-            </span>
-            <label>{t("permits.validFrom")}</label>
-            <input value={form.validFrom} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validFrom: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.isoDateOptional")} />
-            <label>{t("permits.validTo")}</label>
-            <input value={form.validTo} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validTo: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.isoDateOptional")} />
-            <label>{t("permits.boundPlates")}</label>
-            <input value={form.platesText} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, platesText: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.commaSeparatedOptional")} />
-          </div>
-
-          <h4 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("permits.credentialsCardQr")}</h4>
-          {form.credentials.map((c, i) => (
-            <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", marginBottom: "0.3rem" }}>
-              <select value={c.kind} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { kind: e.target.value as "rf" | "qr" })}>
-                <option value="rf">{t("permits.rfCardTag")}</option>
-                <option value="qr">{t("permits.qr")}</option>
-              </select>
-              <input value={c.value} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { value: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("permits.credentialValue")} style={{ flex: 1 }} />
-              <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }))}>×</button>
-            </div>
-          ))}
-          <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: [...f.credentials, { kind: "rf", value: "" }] }))}>{t("permits.addCredential")}</button>
-          <p style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.85em", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
-            {t("permits.needCredentialOrPlate")}
-          </p>
-
-          <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
-            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("permits.save")}</button>
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>{t("permits.cancel")}</button>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-      {msg && <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson" }}>{msg.text}</p>}
-    </section>
-  );
-}

apps/web/src/SubscriptionManager.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  armCapture,
+  cancelCapture,
+  createSubscription,
+  deleteSubscription,
+  fetchReaders,
+  fetchSiteConfig,
+  fetchSubscriptions,
+  pollCapture,
+  printSubscription,
+  revokeSubscription,
+  updateSubscription,
+  type ReaderInfo,
+  type Subscription,
+  type SubscriptionCredential,
+  type SubscriptionInput,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// Subscription admin. Create/edit/revoke/delete subscriptions + their credentials
+// (card/QR) and bound plates, and the recurring monthly price (e.g. 10,000 ALL). A
+// subscription is mutable master data; every USE of it is a signed ledger event
+// elsewhere. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+const DEFAULT_CURRENCY = "ALL";
+
+interface FormState {
+  holderName: string;
+  contact: string;
+  priceMajor: string; // major units as typed (e.g. "10000"); "" = no price
+  currency: string;
+  carBound: boolean; // false = unbound (maxConcurrent null)
+  maxConcurrent: string;
+  validFrom: string;
+  months: string; // months paid for; "" = none (use explicit validTo / open-ended)
+  validTo: string;
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredential[];
+  platesText: string; // comma/space separated
+}
+
+/** Today (UTC date, yyyy-mm-dd) for a sensible default validFrom on new subs. */
+function todayISODate(): string {
+  return new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+
+function emptyForm(defaultPriceMajor = "", currency = DEFAULT_CURRENCY): FormState {
+  return {
+    holderName: "",
+    contact: "",
+    priceMajor: defaultPriceMajor,
+    currency,
+    carBound: true,
+    maxConcurrent: "1",
+    validFrom: todayISODate(),
+    months: "1",
+    validTo: "",
+    credentials: [{ kind: "qr", value: "" }],
+    platesText: "",
+  };
+}
+function formFrom(s: Subscription): FormState {
+  return {
+    holderName: s.holderName ?? "",
+    contact: s.contact ?? "",
+    priceMajor: s.priceMinor != null ? String(s.priceMinor / 100) : "",
+    currency: s.currency ?? DEFAULT_CURRENCY,
+    carBound: s.maxConcurrent != null,
+    maxConcurrent: s.maxConcurrent != null ? String(s.maxConcurrent) : "1",
+    validFrom: s.validFrom ?? "",
+    months: "", // on edit, default to leaving the window as-is (explicit validTo below)
+    validTo: s.validTo ?? "",
+    credentials: s.credentials.length ? s.credentials : [{ kind: "qr", value: "" }],
+    platesText: s.plates.join(", "),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Add whole months to a yyyy-mm-dd (clamps day overflow), → yyyy-mm-dd. Mirrors the
+ *  server's addMonths so the form can preview the coverage end. */
+function addMonthsDate(date: string, months: number): string | null {
+  const d = new Date(`${date}T00:00:00Z`);
+  if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+  const day = d.getUTCDate();
+  d.setUTCMonth(d.getUTCMonth() + months);
+  if (d.getUTCDate() < day) d.setUTCDate(0);
+  return d.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+const STATUS_KEY: Record<Subscription["status"], string> = {
+  active: "subs.statusActive",
+  suspended: "subs.statusSuspended",
+  revoked: "subs.statusRevoked",
+};
+
+function toInput(f: FormState): SubscriptionInput {
+  const major = Number(f.priceMajor);
+  const priceSet = f.priceMajor.trim() !== "" && Number.isFinite(major) && major >= 0;
+  const monthsNum = f.months.trim() === "" ? null : Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.months) || 0));
+  return {
+    holderName: f.holderName.trim() || null,
+    contact: f.contact.trim() || null,
+    priceMinor: priceSet ? Math.round(major * 100) : null,
+    period: "monthly",
+    currency: priceSet ? f.currency.trim() || DEFAULT_CURRENCY : null,
+    maxConcurrent: f.carBound ? Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.maxConcurrent) || 1)) : null,
+    validFrom: f.validFrom.trim() || null,
+    // months (with validFrom) drives validTo server-side; else send the explicit end.
+    months: monthsNum && f.validFrom.trim() ? monthsNum : null,
+    validTo: f.validTo.trim() || null,
+    // A QR credential with a blank value is sent as { kind:'qr' } (no value) so the
+    // server auto-generates the code. RF (and pre-existing QR) keep their value.
+    credentials: f.credentials
+      .filter((c) => c.kind === "qr" || c.value.trim())
+      .map((c) => (c.value.trim() ? { kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() } : { kind: c.kind })),
+    plates: f.platesText.split(/[,\s]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean),
+  };
+}
+
+function priceLabel(s: Subscription, t: (k: string) => string): string {
+  if (s.priceMinor == null) return t("subs.noPrice");
+  return `${(s.priceMinor / 100).toLocaleString()} ${s.currency ?? ""} / ${t("subs.perMonth")}`.trim();
+}
+
+export function SubscriptionManager() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[] | null>(null);
+  const [defaultPriceMajor, setDefaultPriceMajor] = useState("");
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<string | "new" | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(() => emptyForm());
+  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
+  // Credential capture ("Read card"): which credential index is being captured, the
+  // reader picker list, and a live status line. null = no capture in progress.
+  const [capture, setCapture] = useState<{ credIndex: number; phase: "pick" | "waiting"; status?: string } | null>(null);
+  const [readers, setReaders] = useState<ReaderInfo[]>([]);
+  const pollRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
+
+  function reload() {
+    fetchSubscriptions()
+      .then((r) => setSubs(r.subscriptions))
+      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+  }
+  useEffect(() => {
+    reload();
+    // Pull the site default monthly price to pre-fill new subscriptions.
+    fetchSiteConfig()
+      .then((c) => {
+        if (c.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor != null) setDefaultPriceMajor(String(c.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor / 100));
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        /* non-fatal — the form just won't pre-fill */
+      });
+  }, []);
+
+  function startNew() {
+    setForm(emptyForm(defaultPriceMajor));
+    setEditing("new");
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+  function startEdit(s: Subscription) {
+    setForm(formFrom(s));
+    setEditing(s.id);
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+
+  async function save() {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      if (editing === "new") {
+        const created = await createSubscription(toInput(form));
+        setEditing(null);
+        reload();
+        // Reflect the auto-print outcome: printed OK, or saved-but-print-failed (the
+        // operator can use "Print code" to retry).
+        if (created.printed) {
+          setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.savedPrinted") });
+        } else if (created.printError) {
+          setMsg({ kind: "err", text: t("subs.savedPrintFailed", { error: created.printError }) });
+        } else {
+          setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.saved") });
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (editing) await updateSubscription(editing, toInput(form));
+      setEditing(null);
+      reload();
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.saved") });
+    } catch (e) {
+      const problems = e instanceof ApiError ? (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems : undefined;
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: problems?.length ? `${(e as Error).message}: ${problems.join("; ")}` : (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  async function doPrint(s: Subscription) {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await printSubscription(s.id);
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.printedOn", { printer: r.printedBy }) });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  async function doRevoke(s: Subscription) {
+    if (!confirm(t("subs.confirmRevoke", { name: s.holderName ?? s.id }))) return;
+    await revokeSubscription(s.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+  async function doDelete(s: Subscription) {
+    if (!confirm(t("subs.confirmDelete", { name: s.holderName ?? s.id }))) return;
+    await deleteSubscription(s.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+
+  function setCred(i: number, patch: Partial<SubscriptionCredential>) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.map((c, j) => (j === i ? { ...c, ...patch } : c)) }));
+  }
+
+  function clearPoll() {
+    if (pollRef.current) {
+      clearInterval(pollRef.current);
+      pollRef.current = null;
+    }
+  }
+  // Stop a capture in progress (cancel on the server + clear local state).
+  function stopCapture() {
+    clearPoll();
+    void cancelCapture().catch(() => {});
+    setCapture(null);
+  }
+  // "Read card" on credential i → load readers + show the picker.
+  async function startCapture(i: number) {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await fetchReaders();
+      setReaders(r.readers);
+      setCapture({ credIndex: i, phase: "pick" });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  // Operator picked a reader → arm it and poll until captured / expired.
+  async function pickReader(deviceId: string) {
+    const cap = capture;
+    if (!cap) return;
+    try {
+      await armCapture(deviceId);
+      setCapture({ ...cap, phase: "waiting", status: t("subs.captureWaiting") });
+      clearPoll();
+      pollRef.current = setInterval(async () => {
+        try {
+          const st = await pollCapture();
+          if (st.status === "captured") {
+            clearPoll();
+            setCred(cap.credIndex, { value: st.value });
+            void cancelCapture().catch(() => {}); // clear the server-side result
+            setCapture(null);
+            setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.captured", { value: st.value }) });
+          } else if (st.status === "expired" || st.status === "idle") {
+            clearPoll();
+            setCapture({ ...cap, phase: "waiting", status: t("subs.captureTimeout") });
+          }
+        } catch {
+          /* transient poll error — keep polling */
+        }
+      }, 700);
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+      setCapture(null);
+    }
+  }
+  // Stop polling if the form closes or the component unmounts.
+  useEffect(() => clearPoll, []);
+
+  // Live coverage preview: when months + validFrom are set, show the end date and
+  // (if priced) the N×monthly total the operator should collect.
+  const monthsN = form.months.trim() === "" ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.round(Number(form.months) || 0));
+  const coverageEnd = monthsN >= 1 && form.validFrom.trim() ? addMonthsDate(form.validFrom.trim(), monthsN) : null;
+  const priceMajorN = form.priceMajor.trim() === "" ? null : Number(form.priceMajor);
+  const totalDue =
+    coverageEnd && priceMajorN != null && Number.isFinite(priceMajorN)
+      ? `${(priceMajorN * monthsN).toLocaleString()} ${form.currency.trim() || DEFAULT_CURRENCY}`
+      : null;
+  const coverageHint = coverageEnd
+    ? t("subs.coverageHint", { end: coverageEnd }) + (totalDue ? ` · ${t("subs.totalDue", { total: totalDue })}` : "")
+    : null;
+
+  if (!subs) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
+      <h2>{t("subs.title")}</h2>
+      <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
+        {subs.map((s) => (
+          <li key={s.id} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", padding: "0.4rem 0", borderBottom: "1px solid #eee" }}>
+            <strong>{s.holderName ?? t("subs.unnamed")}</strong>
+            <span style={{ color: s.status === "active" ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>{t(STATUS_KEY[s.status])}</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#0a7", fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums" }}>{priceLabel(s, t)}</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>
+              {s.maxConcurrent == null ? t("subs.unbound") : t("subs.car", { count: s.maxConcurrent })} ·{" "}
+              {s.credentials.length} {t("subs.cred")} · {t("subs.plates", { count: s.plates.length })}
+            </span>
+            <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+            {/* Print code — only when the subscription has a QR credential to encode. */}
+            {s.credentials.some((c) => c.kind === "qr") && (
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => doPrint(s)}>{t("subs.printCode")}</button>
+            )}
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => startEdit(s)}>{t("subs.edit")}</button>
+            {s.status !== "revoked" && <button type="button" onClick={() => doRevoke(s)}>{t("subs.revoke")}</button>}
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => doDelete(s)}>{t("subs.delete")}</button>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+        {subs.length === 0 && <li style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("subs.noneYet")}</li>}
+      </ul>
+
+      {editing == null ? (
+        <button type="button" onClick={startNew}>{t("subs.add")}</button>
+      ) : (
+        <div style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", padding: "1rem", marginTop: "0.5rem", maxWidth: 460 }}>
+          <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{editing === "new" ? t("subs.new") : t("subs.editTitle")}</h3>
+          <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+            <label>{t("subs.holderName")}</label>
+            <input value={form.holderName} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, holderName: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.contact")}</label>
+            <input value={form.contact} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, contact: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.monthlyPrice")}</label>
+            <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+              <input
+                value={form.priceMajor}
+                onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, priceMajor: e.target.value }))}
+                inputMode="decimal"
+                placeholder={t("subs.pricePlaceholder")}
+                style={{ width: 110 }}
+              />
+              <input value={form.currency} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, currency: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 60 }} />
+              <span style={{ color: "#888" }}>/ {t("subs.perMonth")}</span>
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.carLimit")}</label>
+            <span>
+              <label style={{ marginRight: "0.5rem" }}>
+                <input type="checkbox" checked={form.carBound} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, carBound: e.target.checked }))} /> {t("subs.limitCarsInAtOnce")}
+              </label>
+              {form.carBound && (
+                <input value={form.maxConcurrent} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, maxConcurrent: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 50 }} />
+              )}
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.validFrom")}</label>
+            <input type="date" value={form.validFrom} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validFrom: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.months")}</label>
+            <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+              <input
+                value={form.months}
+                onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, months: e.target.value }))}
+                inputMode="numeric"
+                placeholder="1"
+                style={{ width: 50 }}
+              />
+              <span style={{ color: "#888" }}>{t("subs.monthsHint")}</span>
+              {/* Live preview of the coverage end + the N×price total. */}
+              {coverageHint && <span style={{ color: "#0a7" }}>{coverageHint}</span>}
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.validToOverride")}</label>
+            <input type="date" value={form.validTo} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validTo: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.boundPlates")}</label>
+            <input value={form.platesText} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, platesText: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("subs.commaSeparatedOptional")} />
+          </div>
+
+          <h4 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("subs.credentials")}</h4>
+          {form.credentials.map((c, i) => (
+            <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", marginBottom: "0.3rem" }}>
+              {/* Operator chooses the credential type: QR (auto-generated) or RFID
+                  (read off a card via "Read card"). */}
+              <select value={c.kind} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { kind: e.target.value as "rf" | "qr" })}>
+                <option value="qr">{t("subs.qr")}</option>
+                <option value="rf">{t("subs.rfCardTag")}</option>
+              </select>
+              {c.kind === "qr" ? (
+                // QR codes are server-generated. Blank → "will be generated"; an
+                // existing code is shown read-only (it can be printed; never typed).
+                c.value.trim() ? (
+                  <input value={c.value} readOnly style={{ flex: 1, fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace", background: "#f6f6f6" }} />
+                ) : (
+                  <span style={{ flex: 1, color: "#888", fontStyle: "italic", alignSelf: "center" }}>{t("subs.qrAutoGen")}</span>
+                )
+              ) : (
+                // RFID: the value is read off a physical card (or typed). "Read card"
+                // arms a chosen reader and fills the captured value.
+                <input value={c.value} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { value: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("subs.rfPlaceholder")} style={{ flex: 1, fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace" }} />
+              )}
+              {c.kind === "rf" && (
+                <button type="button" onClick={() => startCapture(i)} disabled={capture != null}>{t("subs.readCard")}</button>
+              )}
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }))}>×</button>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: [...f.credentials, { kind: "qr", value: "" }] }))}>{t("subs.addCredential")}</button>
+
+          {/* Capture panel: pick a reader, present the card; the captured value fills
+              the credential. The OTHER reader keeps serving the live flow. */}
+          {capture && (
+            <div style={{ marginTop: "0.5rem", padding: "0.6rem 0.75rem", border: "1px solid #0a7", borderRadius: 6, background: "#f0fbf6" }}>
+              {capture.phase === "pick" ? (
+                <>
+                  <div style={{ marginBottom: "0.35rem" }}>{t("subs.captureChooseReader")}</div>
+                  <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+                    {readers.length === 0 && <span style={{ color: "#a00" }}>{t("subs.captureNoReaders")}</span>}
+                    {readers.map((r) => (
+                      <button key={r.id} type="button" onClick={() => pickReader(r.id)}>
+                        {t(`devices.role.${r.direction}`)} ({r.driverId})
+                      </button>
+                    ))}
+                    <button type="button" onClick={stopCapture}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+                  </div>
+                </>
+              ) : (
+                <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.6rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+                  <span>{capture.status ?? t("subs.captureWaiting")}</span>
+                  <button type="button" onClick={stopCapture}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          <p style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.85em", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
+            {t("subs.needCredentialOrPlate")}
+          </p>
+
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
+            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("subs.save")}</button>
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {msg && <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson" }}>{msg.text}</p>}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/api.ts

@@ -277,41 +277,100 @@ export function publishTariffVersion(body: {
   return apiFetch("/api/tariff/versions", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
 
-// --- Permits --------------------------------------------------------------
+// --- Subscriptions --------------------------------------------------------
 
-export interface PermitCredential {
+export interface SubscriptionCredential {
   kind: "rf" | "qr";
   value: string;
 }
-export interface Permit {
+export interface Subscription {
   id: string;
   holderName: string | null;
   contact: string | null;
+  /** Recurring price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00). null = not set. */
+  priceMinor: number | null;
+  period: "monthly";
+  currency: string | null;
   maxConcurrent: number | null;
   validFrom: string | null;
   validTo: string | null;
   status: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
-  credentials: PermitCredential[];
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredential[];
   plates: string[];
 }
-export type PermitInput = Omit<Permit, "id" | "status"> & {
+/** A credential as SENT to the server: a QR value may be omitted/blank → the server
-  status?: Permit["status"];
+ *  auto-generates an unguessable code. RF must carry the card id. */
+export interface SubscriptionCredentialInput {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  value?: string;
+}
+export type SubscriptionInput = {
+  holderName: string | null;
+  contact: string | null;
+  priceMinor: number | null;
+  period: "monthly";
+  currency: string | null;
+  maxConcurrent: number | null;
+  validFrom: string | null;
+  validTo: string | null;
+  /** Months paid for: when set (with validFrom), validTo = validFrom + months. */
+  months?: number | null;
+  status?: Subscription["status"];
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredentialInput[];
+  plates: string[];
 };
 
-export function fetchPermits(): Promise<{ permits: Permit[] }> {
+/** The create response = the saved subscription + the auto-print outcome. */
-  return apiFetch("/api/permits");
+export type SubscriptionCreated = Subscription & {
+  printed: boolean;
+  printedBy?: string;
+  printError?: string;
+};
+
+export function fetchSubscriptions(): Promise<{ subscriptions: Subscription[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions");
 }
-export function createPermit(body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+export function createSubscription(body: SubscriptionInput): Promise<SubscriptionCreated> {
-  return apiFetch("/api/permits", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
-export function updatePermit(id: string, body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+/** Re-print a subscription's QR card (failed auto-print / lost card). */
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+export function printSubscription(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; printedBy: string }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}/print`, { method: "POST" });
 }
-export function revokePermit(id: string): Promise<Permit> {
+
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}/revoke`, { method: "POST" });
+// --- Credential capture ("enroll a card" on a chosen reader) ---------------
+
+export interface ReaderInfo {
+  id: string;
+  driverId: string;
+  direction: "entry" | "exit" | "both";
 }
-export function deletePermit(id: string): Promise<void> {
+export type CaptureState =
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+  | { status: "idle" }
+  | { status: "armed"; deviceId: string; armedAt: number; expiresAt: number }
+  | { status: "captured"; deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number }
+  | { status: "expired"; deviceId: string };
+
+export function fetchReaders(): Promise<{ readers: ReaderInfo[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/readers");
+}
+export function armCapture(deviceId: string): Promise<{ expiresAt: number }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture/arm", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ deviceId }) });
+}
+export function pollCapture(): Promise<CaptureState> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture");
+}
+export function cancelCapture(): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture/cancel", { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function updateSubscription(id: string, body: SubscriptionInput): Promise<Subscription> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function revokeSubscription(id: string): Promise<Subscription> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}/revoke`, { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function deleteSubscription(id: string): Promise<void> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
 }
 
 // --- Shifts ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -378,6 +437,8 @@ export interface SiteConfig {
   capacity: number | null;
   /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
   exitVoucherDefault: boolean;
+  /** Site default monthly subscription price (minor units); pre-fills the form. */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: number | null;
   parkName: string | null;
   operatorName: string | null;
   /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number. */
@@ -391,6 +452,28 @@ export function fetchOccupancy(): Promise<Occupancy> {
   return apiFetch("/api/occupancy");
 }
 
+// --- Device status (the booth footer) -------------------------------------
+
+/** Live status of one configured device — mirrors the server's DeviceStatusEvent.
+ *  Every enabled device is polled (printers via rich readStatus, the rest via
+ *  healthCheck) and flattened to one traffic-light. Pushed over the WS; the REST
+ *  snapshot below is the initial load / fallback. */
+export interface DeviceStatus {
+  deviceId: string;
+  driverId: string;
+  category: "access" | "reader" | "camera" | "printer";
+  /** Role/direction token for the footer label (NOT the vendor) — the client
+   *  localises it next to the category, e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje", "Printer kabina". */
+  roleKind: "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" | "lane" | "booth" | null;
+  state: "ready" | "degraded" | "offline";
+  detail?: string;
+  checkedAt: string;
+}
+
+export function fetchDeviceStatus(): Promise<{ devices: DeviceStatus[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/devices/status");
+}
+
 // --- Ledger events (the signed audit trail; read-only) --------------------
 
 /** A persisted ledger row. Re-exported from shared so UI code has one source of
@@ -424,6 +507,10 @@ export interface SessionLookup {
   currency: string | null;
   withinGrace: boolean;
   graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** A subscription occurrence (prepaid — no pay flow; barrier-open assist only). */
+  subscription: boolean;
+  subscriptionId: string | null;
+  subscriptionHolder: string | null;
 }
 
 /** Look up a ticket/session for the booth modal (entry/exit, paid, amount owed). */
@@ -443,6 +530,10 @@ export interface ActiveSession {
   currency: string | null;
   withinGrace: boolean;
   graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** A subscription occurrence (prepaid — no pay flow; barrier-open assist only). */
+  subscription: boolean;
+  subscriptionId: string | null;
+  subscriptionHolder: string | null;
 }
 
 /** Active sessions: still-inside OR exited-but-within-grace (barrier unconfirmed). */

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const en: Catalog = {
     shift: "Shift",
     setup: "Setup",
     tariff: "Tariff",
-    permits: "Permits",
+    subscriptions: "Subscriptions",
     site: "Site",
   },
   status: {
@@ -32,6 +32,33 @@ export const en: Catalog = {
     connecting: "CONNECTING",
     offline: "OFFLINE",
   },
+  devices: {
+    footerTitle: "Devices",
+    none: "No devices configured.",
+    catAccess: "Barrier",
+    catReader: "Reader",
+    catCamera: "Camera",
+    catPrinter: "Printer",
+    // Role/direction suffixes for the chip label (e.g. "Reader entry").
+    role: {
+      entry: "entry",
+      exit: "exit",
+      both: "entry/exit",
+      mixed: "mixed",
+      lane: "lane",
+      booth: "booth",
+    },
+    state: {
+      ready: "ready",
+      degraded: "degraded",
+      offline: "offline",
+    },
+    allOk: "all ready",
+    issuesCount: "{{count}} with issues",
+    issuesTitle: "Device issues",
+    clickForIssues: "Click for details",
+    checkedAt: "checked {{time}}",
+  },
   booth: {
     processTicket: "Process ticket",
     scanPlaceholder: "Scan or type ticket number…",
@@ -58,6 +85,7 @@ export const en: Catalog = {
     badgeExiting: "exiting",
     badgePaid: "paid",
     badgeUnpaid: "unpaid",
+    badgeSubscription: "subscription",
     evtEntry: "ENTRY",
     evtExit: "EXIT",
     evtPay: "PAY",
@@ -92,41 +120,64 @@ export const en: Catalog = {
     publishing: "Publishing…",
     publishedOk: "New tariff version published — it's now the active rate card.",
   },
-  permits: {
+  subs: {
-    title: "Permits",
+    title: "Subscriptions",
     unnamed: "(unnamed)",
     unbound: "unbound",
     car_one: "{{count}} car",
     car_other: "{{count}} cars",
     cred: "cred",
     plates: "{{count}} plate(s)",
+    noPrice: "no price",
+    perMonth: "month",
+    monthlyPrice: "Monthly price",
+    pricePlaceholder: "e.g. 10000",
     edit: "Edit",
     revoke: "Revoke",
     delete: "Delete",
-    noPermitsYet: "No permits yet.",
+    noneYet: "No subscriptions yet.",
-    addPermit: "+ Add permit",
+    add: "+ Add subscription",
-    newPermit: "New permit",
+    new: "New subscription",
-    editPermit: "Edit permit",
+    editTitle: "Edit subscription",
     holderName: "Holder name",
     contact: "Contact",
     carLimit: "Car limit",
     limitCarsInAtOnce: "limit cars in at once",
     validFrom: "Valid from",
     validTo: "Valid to",
+    months: "Months",
+    monthsHint: "months paid",
+    coverageHint: "until {{end}}",
+    totalDue: "total {{total}}",
+    validToOverride: "Valid to (manual)",
     isoDateOptional: "ISO date (optional)",
     boundPlates: "Bound plates",
     commaSeparatedOptional: "comma-separated (optional)",
+    credentials: "Credentials",
     credentialsCardQr: "Credentials (card / QR)",
     rfCardTag: "RF card/tag",
+    rfCardTagSoon: "RF card/tag (soon)",
+    rfPlaceholder: "card number (or read the card)",
+    readCard: "Read card",
+    captureChooseReader: "Choose a reader, then present the card:",
+    captureNoReaders: "No readers configured.",
+    captureWaiting: "Present the card to the reader…",
+    captureTimeout: "Timed out with no card read. Try again.",
+    captured: "Card read: {{value}}",
     qr: "QR",
+    qrAutoGen: "QR code is auto-generated on save",
     credentialValue: "credential value",
     addCredential: "+ credential",
-    needCredentialOrPlate: "A permit needs at least one credential OR one bound plate.",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "A subscription needs at least one credential OR one bound plate.",
     save: "Save",
     cancel: "Cancel",
-    permitSaved: "Permit saved.",
+    saved: "Subscription saved.",
-    confirmRevoke: "Revoke permit for {{name}}? It will be refused at the barrier.",
+    savedPrinted: "Subscription saved — QR code printed.",
-    confirmDelete: "Delete permit for {{name}}? (Past events are kept.)",
+    savedPrintFailed: "Subscription saved, but printing failed ({{error}}). Use \"Print code\".",
+    printCode: "Print code",
+    printedOn: "Code printed on {{printer}}.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Revoke subscription for {{name}}? It will be refused at the barrier.",
+    confirmDelete: "Delete subscription for {{name}}? (Past events are kept.)",
     statusActive: "active",
     statusSuspended: "suspended",
     statusRevoked: "revoked",
@@ -225,6 +276,11 @@ export const en: Catalog = {
     lookingUp: "looking up…",
     paidBarrierOpened: "Paid — barrier opened. Car may exit.",
     paidExitRecorded: "Paid and exit recorded, but the barrier did not open: {{reason}}.",
+    subscription: "SUBSCRIPTION",
+    plan: "Plan",
+    prepaid: "PREPAID",
+    subAssistHint: "Prepaid subscription. Open the barrier to assist the exit (faulty reader / missing card). No payment.",
+    subBarrierOpened: "Barrier opened for the subscriber (intervention recorded).",
     voucherPrinted: "Exit voucher printed on {{printer}}. Customer self-exits at the exit.",
     noSnapshots: "no snapshots",
     loadingSnapshots: "loading snapshots…",

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/sq.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const sq = {
     shift: "Turni",
     setup: "Konfigurimi",
     tariff: "Tarifa",
-    permits: "Lejet",
+    subscriptions: "Abonimet",
     site: "Vendi",
   },
   status: {
@@ -32,16 +32,43 @@ export const sq = {
     connecting: "DUKE U LIDHUR",
     offline: "JASHTË LINJE",
   },
+  devices: {
+    footerTitle: "Pajisjet",
+    none: "Asnjë pajisje e konfiguruar.",
+    catAccess: "Barriera",
+    catReader: "Lexuesi",
+    catCamera: "Kamera",
+    catPrinter: "Printer",
+    // Role/direction suffixes for the chip label (e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje").
+    role: {
+      entry: "hyrje",
+      exit: "dalje",
+      both: "hyrje/dalje",
+      mixed: "i përzier",
+      lane: "korsia",
+      booth: "kabina",
+    },
+    state: {
+      ready: "gati",
+      degraded: "i dëmtuar",
+      offline: "jashtë linje",
+    },
+    allOk: "të gjitha gati",
+    issuesCount: "{{count}} me probleme",
+    issuesTitle: "Problemet e pajisjeve",
+    clickForIssues: "Kliko për detajet",
+    checkedAt: "kontrolluar {{time}}",
+  },
   booth: {
     processTicket: "Proceso biletën",
     scanPlaceholder: "Skano ose shkruaj numrin e biletës…",
     open: "Hap",
-    occupancy: "Zënia",
+    occupancy: "Prania",
     occUnavailable: "zënia e padisponueshme",
     inside: "brenda",
     of: "nga",
     uncapped: "pa kufi",
-    free: "lirë",
+    free: "Vende të lira",
     lotFull: "● parkimi plot",
     liveFeed: "Aktiviteti live",
     events: "ngjarje",
@@ -52,13 +79,14 @@ export const sq = {
     inAt: "në",
     openPayExit: "Hap pagesën / daljen",
     openBarrier: "Hap barrierën",
-    openBarrierTitle: "Hapje barriere me ndërhyrje njerëzore (e regjistruar)",
+    openBarrierTitle: "Hap barrierën manualisht",
     barrierOpened: "barriera u hap",
     openManually: "hape me dorë",
     // session row badges
     badgeExiting: "duke dalë",
     badgePaid: "paguar",
     badgeUnpaid: "papaguar",
+    badgeSubscription: "abonim",
     // event types (live feed labels)
     evtEntry: "HYRJE",
     evtExit: "DALJE",
@@ -94,47 +122,70 @@ export const sq = {
     publishing: "Duke publikuar…",
     publishedOk: "U publikua versioni i ri i tarifës — tani është karta tarifore aktive.",
   },
-  permits: {
+  subs: {
-    title: "Lejet",
+    title: "Abonimet",
     unnamed: "(pa emër)",
     unbound: "pa kufizim",
     car_one: "{{count}} makinë",
     car_other: "{{count}} makina",
     cred: "kredencial",
     plates: "{{count}} targë(a)",
+    noPrice: "pa çmim",
+    perMonth: "muaj",
+    monthlyPrice: "Çmimi mujor",
+    pricePlaceholder: "p.sh. 10000",
     edit: "Ndrysho",
     revoke: "Anulo",
     delete: "Fshij",
-    noPermitsYet: "Asnjë leje ende.",
+    noneYet: "Asnjë abonim ende.",
-    addPermit: "+ Shto leje",
+    add: "+ Shto abonim",
-    newPermit: "Leje e re",
+    new: "Abonim i ri",
-    editPermit: "Ndrysho lejen",
+    editTitle: "Ndrysho abonimin",
     holderName: "Emri i mbajtësit",
     contact: "Kontakti",
     carLimit: "Kufiri i makinave",
     limitCarsInAtOnce: "kufizo makinat brenda njëkohësisht",
     validFrom: "Vlen nga",
     validTo: "Vlen deri",
+    months: "Muaj",
+    monthsHint: "muaj të paguar",
+    coverageHint: "deri më {{end}}",
+    totalDue: "gjithsej {{total}}",
+    validToOverride: "Vlen deri (manual)",
     isoDateOptional: "Datë ISO (opsionale)",
     boundPlates: "Targat e lidhura",
     commaSeparatedOptional: "të ndara me presje (opsionale)",
+    credentials: "Kredencialet",
     credentialsCardQr: "Kredencialet (kartë / QR)",
     rfCardTag: "Kartë/etiketë RF",
+    rfCardTagSoon: "Kartë/etiketë RF (së shpejti)",
+    rfPlaceholder: "numri i kartës (ose lexo kartën)",
+    readCard: "Lexo kartën",
+    captureChooseReader: "Zgjidh lexuesin, pastaj afro kartën:",
+    captureNoReaders: "Asnjë lexues i konfiguruar.",
+    captureWaiting: "Afro kartën te lexuesi…",
+    captureTimeout: "Skadoi pa lexuar kartë. Provo sërish.",
+    captured: "Karta u lexua: {{value}}",
     qr: "QR",
+    qrAutoGen: "kodi QR gjenerohet automatikisht në ruajtje",
     credentialValue: "vlera e kredencialit",
     addCredential: "+ kredencial",
-    needCredentialOrPlate: "Një leje kërkon të paktën një kredencial OSE një targë të lidhur.",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "Një abonim kërkon të paktën një kredencial OSE një targë të lidhur.",
     save: "Ruaj",
     cancel: "Anulo",
-    permitSaved: "Leja u ruajt.",
+    saved: "Abonimi u ruajt.",
-    confirmRevoke: "Të anulohet leja për {{name}}? Do të refuzohet te barriera.",
+    savedPrinted: "Abonimi u ruajt — kodi QR u printua.",
-    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet leja për {{name}}? (Ngjarjet e kaluara ruhen.)",
+    savedPrintFailed: "Abonimi u ruajt, por printimi dështoi ({{error}}). Përdor \"Printo kodin\".",
-    statusActive: "aktive",
+    printCode: "Printo kodin",
+    printedOn: "Kodi u printua te {{printer}}.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Të anulohet abonimi për {{name}}? Do të refuzohet te barriera.",
+    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet abonimi për {{name}}? (Ngjarjet e kaluara ruhen.)",
+    statusActive: "aktiv",
     statusSuspended: "pezulluar",
     statusRevoked: "anuluar",
   },
   site: {
-    occupancy: "Zënia:",
+    occupancy: "Prania:",
     noCapacitySet: "(pa kapacitet të caktuar)",
     free: "lirë",
     full: "PLOT",
@@ -227,6 +278,11 @@ export const sq = {
     lookingUp: "Duke kërkuar…",
     paidBarrierOpened: "Paguar — barriera u hap. Automjeti mund të dalë.",
     paidExitRecorded: "Paguar dhe dalja u regjistrua, por barriera nuk u hap: {{reason}}.",
+    subscription: "ABONIM",
+    plan: "Plani",
+    prepaid: "I PARAPAGUAR",
+    subAssistHint: "Abonim i parapaguar. Hap barrierën për të ndihmuar daljen (lexues me defekt / kartë e munguar). S'ka pagesë.",
+    subBarrierOpened: "Barriera u hap për abonentin (ndërhyrje e regjistruar).",
     voucherPrinted: "Bileta e daljes u printua në {{printer}}. Klienti del vetë te dalja.",
     // snapshots
     noSnapshots: "asnjë foto",

apps/web/src/lib/live-store.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { create } from "zustand";
-import type { LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+import type { DeviceStatus, LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
 
 // CLIENT state for the live booth feed — deliberately small. Server data (the
 // authoritative event list, occupancy totals) is owned by TanStack Query; this
@@ -20,16 +20,31 @@ interface LiveState {
   occupancy: Occupancy | null;
   /** Newest-first tail of recently pushed ledger events (for the live ticker). */
   feed: LedgerEvent[];
+  /** Live device status keyed by device id (for the footer): set from the WS
+   *  hello snapshot, then upserted per device on each device-status push. */
+  devices: Record<string, DeviceStatus>;
   setStatus: (s: WsStatus) => void;
   setOccupancy: (o: Occupancy) => void;
   pushEvent: (e: LedgerEvent) => void;
+  /** Replace the whole device-status set (WS hello / reconnect snapshot). */
+  setDevices: (list: DeviceStatus[]) => void;
+  /** Upsert one device's status (a device-status push). */
+  upsertDevice: (d: DeviceStatus) => void;
   reset: () => void;
 }
 
+/** Index a device-status list by device id. */
+function byId(list: DeviceStatus[]): Record<string, DeviceStatus> {
+  const m: Record<string, DeviceStatus> = {};
+  for (const d of list) m[d.deviceId] = d;
+  return m;
+}
+
 export const useLiveStore = create<LiveState>((set) => ({
   status: "connecting",
   occupancy: null,
   feed: [],
+  devices: {},
   setStatus: (status) => set({ status }),
   setOccupancy: (occupancy) => set({ occupancy }),
   pushEvent: (e) =>
@@ -37,5 +52,7 @@ export const useLiveStore = create<LiveState>((set) => ({
       // Newest first; de-dupe by id (a reconnect can replay) and cap the length.
       feed: s.feed.some((x) => x.id === e.id) ? s.feed : [e, ...s.feed].slice(0, MAX_FEED),
     })),
-  reset: () => set({ status: "connecting", occupancy: null, feed: [] }),
+  setDevices: (list) => set({ devices: byId(list) }),
+  upsertDevice: (d) => set((s) => ({ devices: { ...s.devices, [d.deviceId]: d } })),
+  reset: () => set({ status: "connecting", occupancy: null, feed: [], devices: {} }),
 }));

apps/web/src/lib/query.ts

@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ export const qk = {
   activeSessions: ["active-sessions"] as const,
   siteConfig: ["site-config"] as const,
   shift: ["shift"] as const,
+  deviceStatus: ["device-status"] as const,
 } as const;

apps/web/src/lib/use-live-feed.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import type { LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+import type { DeviceStatus, LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
 import { qk } from "./query.js";
 import { useLiveStore } from "./live-store.js";
 
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ import { useLiveStore } from "./live-store.js";
 
 /** Server → client message shapes (mirror routes/ws.ts OutMsg). */
 type WsMessage =
-  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: Occupancy }
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: Occupancy; devices: DeviceStatus[] }
   | { kind: "ledger"; event: LedgerEvent; occupancy: Occupancy }
-  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown };
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown }
+  | { kind: "device-status"; event: DeviceStatus };
 
 /** Build the ws:// or wss:// URL for the same origin the SPA is served from. */
 function wsUrl(): string {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ function wsUrl(): string {
 
 export function useLiveFeed(): void {
   const qc = useQueryClient();
-  const { setStatus, setOccupancy, pushEvent } = useLiveStore();
+  const { setStatus, setOccupancy, pushEvent, setDevices, upsertDevice } = useLiveStore();
   // Hold the socket + reconnect timer across renders; guard against StrictMode
   // double-invoke and unmount.
   const sockRef = useRef<WebSocket | null>(null);
@@ -55,6 +56,10 @@ export function useLiveFeed(): void {
         }
         if (msg.kind === "hello") {
           setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
+          // Initial device-status snapshot for the footer.
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.devices)) setDevices(msg.devices);
+        } else if (msg.kind === "device-status") {
+          upsertDevice(msg.event);
         } else if (msg.kind === "ledger") {
           setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
           pushEvent(msg.event);

apps/web/src/router.tsx

@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@ import { qk, queryClient } from "./lib/query.js";
 import { setLanguage } from "./lib/i18n/index.js";
 import { useLiveFeed } from "./lib/use-live-feed.js";
 import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { DeviceFooter } from "./ui/DeviceFooter.js";
 import { StatusDot } from "./ui/StatusDot.js";
 import { BoothScreen } from "./BoothScreen.js";
 import { SetupWizard } from "./SetupWizard.js";
 import { TariffComposer } from "./TariffComposer.js";
-import { PermitManager } from "./PermitManager.js";
+import { SubscriptionManager } from "./SubscriptionManager.js";
 import { ShiftControl } from "./ShiftControl.js";
 import { SiteSettings } from "./SiteSettings.js";
 
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ function RootLayout() {
           <NavLink to="/shift" label={t("nav.shift")} />
           {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/setup" label={t("nav.setup")} />}
           {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/tariff" label={t("nav.tariff")} />}
-          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/permits" label={t("nav.permits")} />}
+          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/subscriptions" label={t("nav.subscriptions")} />}
           {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/site" label={t("nav.site")} />}
         </nav>
         <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-3">
@@ -189,6 +190,8 @@ function RootLayout() {
       <main className="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto p-3">
         <Outlet />
       </main>
+      {/* Fixed device-status footer — relays, readers, cameras, printers. */}
+      {user && <DeviceFooter />}
     </div>
   );
 }
@@ -233,11 +236,11 @@ const tariffRoute = createRoute({
   beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
   component: () => <TariffComposer />,
 });
-const permitsRoute = createRoute({
+const subscriptionsRoute = createRoute({
   getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
-  path: "/permits",
+  path: "/subscriptions",
   beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
-  component: () => <PermitManager />,
+  component: () => <SubscriptionManager />,
 });
 const siteRoute = createRoute({
   getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
@@ -252,7 +255,7 @@ const routeTree = rootRoute.addChildren([
   shiftRoute,
   setupRoute,
   tariffRoute,
-  permitsRoute,
+  subscriptionsRoute,
   siteRoute,
 ]);
 

apps/web/src/ui/DeviceFooter.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchDeviceStatus, type DeviceStatus } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "../lib/query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "../lib/live-store.js";
+
+// Fixed device-status footer for the booth chrome. One compact chip per configured
+// device — relays, readers, cameras, printers — labelled by ROLE, never vendor
+// (e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje", "Printer kabina", "Kamera dalje"), with a traffic-light
+// dot. Fault detail does NOT pollute the footer: clicking opens a small panel that
+// lists the degraded/offline devices and their issues. Status is fed by the
+// DeviceMonitor over the WS (snapshot on connect + per-device pushes, held in the
+// live store); a REST snapshot seeds it / fills in if the WS is briefly down.
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, booth-console.md.
+
+const DOT: Record<DeviceStatus["state"], string> = {
+  ready: "bg-term-green",
+  degraded: "bg-term-amber",
+  offline: "bg-term-red",
+};
+
+const TEXT: Record<DeviceStatus["state"], string> = {
+  ready: "text-term-text",
+  degraded: "text-term-amber",
+  offline: "text-term-red",
+};
+
+/** i18n key for a device category. */
+const CATEGORY_KEY: Record<DeviceStatus["category"], string> = {
+  access: "devices.catAccess",
+  reader: "devices.catReader",
+  camera: "devices.catCamera",
+  printer: "devices.catPrinter",
+};
+
+/** i18n key for the role/direction token (null = no suffix). */
+function roleKey(roleKind: DeviceStatus["roleKind"]): string | null {
+  return roleKind ? `devices.role.${roleKind}` : null;
+}
+
+/** Stable display order: access (barrier) first, then readers, cameras, printers. */
+const ORDER: Record<DeviceStatus["category"], number> = {
+  access: 0,
+  reader: 1,
+  camera: 2,
+  printer: 3,
+};
+
+/** "Lexuesi hyrje" — category word + localised role/direction (when known). */
+function useLabel() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return (d: DeviceStatus) => {
+    const cat = t(CATEGORY_KEY[d.category]);
+    const rk = roleKey(d.roleKind);
+    return rk ? `${cat} ${t(rk)}` : cat;
+  };
+}
+
+function sortDevices(list: DeviceStatus[]): DeviceStatus[] {
+  return [...list].sort(
+    (a, b) => ORDER[a.category] - ORDER[b.category] || (a.roleKind ?? "").localeCompare(b.roleKind ?? ""),
+  );
+}
+
+export function DeviceFooter() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const label = useLabel();
+  // Seed/fallback from REST; the WS keeps the live store authoritative thereafter.
+  const seed = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.deviceStatus, queryFn: fetchDeviceStatus });
+  const live = useLiveStore((s) => s.devices);
+
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const rootRef = useRef<HTMLElement>(null);
+
+  // Close the issues panel on an outside click or Escape.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) return;
+    const onDown = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) setOpen(false);
+    };
+    const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => e.key === "Escape" && setOpen(false);
+    document.addEventListener("mousedown", onDown);
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener("mousedown", onDown);
+      document.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    };
+  }, [open]);
+
+  // Prefer the live store (WS); fall back to the REST snapshot before the first push.
+  const fromLive = Object.values(live);
+  const devices = sortDevices(fromLive.length > 0 ? fromLive : seed.data?.devices ?? []);
+  const problems = devices.filter((d) => d.state !== "ready");
+
+  return (
+    <footer
+      ref={rootRef}
+      className="relative flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 overflow-visible border-t border-term-border bg-term-panel px-3 py-1.5 text-[11px]"
+    >
+      <span className="shrink-0 font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+        {t("devices.footerTitle")}
+      </span>
+
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 overflow-x-auto">
+        {devices.length === 0 ? (
+          <span className="text-term-muted">{t("devices.none")}</span>
+        ) : (
+          devices.map((d) => {
+            const isProblem = d.state !== "ready";
+            return (
+              <button
+                key={d.deviceId}
+                type="button"
+                // Only a problem chip is interactive (opens the issues panel).
+                onClick={isProblem ? () => setOpen((v) => !v) : undefined}
+                aria-disabled={!isProblem}
+                title={isProblem ? t("devices.clickForIssues") : undefined}
+                className={`flex shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-0.5 ${
+                  isProblem ? "cursor-pointer hover:border-term-amber" : "cursor-default"
+                }`}
+              >
+                <span
+                  className={`inline-block h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full ${DOT[d.state]} ${
+                    d.state === "offline" ? "animate-pulse" : ""
+                  }`}
+                />
+                <span className={TEXT[d.state]}>{label(d)}</span>
+              </button>
+            );
+          })
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Right-aligned roll-up; clicking opens the issues panel when any exist. */}
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        disabled={problems.length === 0}
+        onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
+        className="ml-auto shrink-0 tabular-nums disabled:cursor-default"
+      >
+        {problems.length === 0 ? (
+          devices.length > 0 ? (
+            <span className="text-term-green">{t("devices.allOk")}</span>
+          ) : null
+        ) : (
+          <span className="text-term-amber hover:underline">
+            {t("devices.issuesCount", { count: problems.length })}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </button>
+
+      {/* Issues panel — anchored above the footer, lists only problem devices. */}
+      {open && problems.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="absolute bottom-full right-2 z-50 mb-1 w-[360px] max-w-[95vw] rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel shadow-2xl">
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-3 py-1.5">
+            <span className="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+              {t("devices.issuesTitle")}
+            </span>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
+              className="text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+              aria-label={t("common.close")}
+            >
+              ✕
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <ul className="max-h-[40vh] overflow-y-auto p-1.5">
+            {problems.map((d) => (
+              <li
+                key={d.deviceId}
+                className="flex items-start gap-2 border-b border-term-border/40 px-1.5 py-1.5 last:border-b-0"
+              >
+                <span className={`mt-1 inline-block h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full ${DOT[d.state]}`} />
+                <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                  <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between gap-2">
+                    <span className={`text-[12px] font-semibold ${TEXT[d.state]}`}>{label(d)}</span>
+                    <span className="shrink-0 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+                      {t(`devices.state.${d.state}`)}
+                    </span>
+                  </div>
+                  {d.detail && <div className="mt-0.5 break-words text-[11px] text-term-muted">{d.detail}</div>}
+                  <div className="mt-0.5 text-[10px] tabular-nums text-term-muted/70">
+                    {t("devices.checkedAt", { time: new Date(d.checkedAt).toLocaleTimeString() })}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </footer>
+  );
+}

packages/db/drizzle/0004_subscriptions_rename.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-- Rename permit → subscription (master data only). The signed ledger keeps its
+-- immutable `permitId` payload — NOT touched here. Data-preserving ALTER RENAMEs
+-- (SQLite 3.25+) rather than drop/recreate, so existing subscriptions survive.
+-- Adds per-subscription pricing (price_minor + period + currency) and a site-wide
+-- default monthly price. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+ALTER TABLE `permits` RENAME TO `subscriptions`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `permit_credentials` RENAME TO `subscription_credentials`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscription_credentials` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `permit_plates` RENAME TO `subscription_plates`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscription_plates` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `price_minor` integer;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `period` text DEFAULT 'monthly' NOT NULL;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `currency` text;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `sessions` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `subscription_monthly_price_minor` integer;

packages/db/drizzle/meta/_journal.json

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@
       "when": 1781774228086,
       "tag": "0003_early_hawkeye",
       "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 4,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781800000000,
+      "tag": "0004_subscriptions_rename",
+      "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]
 }

packages/db/src/schema.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { blob, integer, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
 //       tariffs and occupancy are PROJECTIONS over it. See append-only-event-chain.md.
 //     • `device_events` — UNSIGNED operational telemetry (relay/printer/camera/reader/input).
 //       High-volume, prunable, never reconciled. See wiki/concepts/device-events.md.
-// - Business master data (tariffs/permits/blocklist) IS mutable, but its USE is fixed in a
+// - Business master data (tariffs/subscriptions/blocklist) IS mutable, but its USE is fixed in a
 //   signed ledger event, so the audit trail stays append-only. Tariffs are versioned:
 //   editing publishes a new immutable tariff_version. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
 // - `users` holds bcrypt hashes + a role; auth is fully local (offline-first).
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export const snapshots = sqliteTable("snapshots", {
   direction: text("direction", { enum: ["entry", "exit"] }).notNull(),
   // The camera `devices` instance that captured it (raw provenance).
   deviceId: text("device_id"),
-  // The session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit) — links to the ledger event.
+  // The session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, subscription) — links to the ledger event.
   identity: text("identity"),
   contentType: text("content_type").notNull(),
   bytes: blob("bytes").notNull().$type<Buffer>(),
@@ -166,6 +166,11 @@ export const siteConfig = sqliteTable("site_config", {
   exitVoucherDefault: integer("exit_voucher_default", { mode: "boolean" })
     .notNull()
     .default(false),
+  /** Default monthly subscription price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00).
+   *  A starting value the subscription form pre-fills; each subscription stores its
+   *  own price and may differ. null = no site default set. See
+   *  wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: integer("subscription_monthly_price_minor"),
   updatedAt: text("updated_at")
     .notNull()
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
@@ -203,16 +208,28 @@ export const tariffVersions = sqliteTable("tariff_versions", {
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
 });
 
-// --- Permits (subscriptions) ---------------------------------------------
+// --- Subscriptions --------------------------------------------------------
-// Mutable master data; every USE produces a signed vehicle_entry/exit ledger event.
+// A subscriber: a known holder who parks on a recurring plan (e.g. 10,000 ALL /
-// Two optional, independent bindings: car-count (maxConcurrent, default 1, null =
+// month) instead of paying per stay. Mutable master data; every USE still produces a
-// unbound) and plate (plates rows, default none = any car). Identity = card/QR OR a
+// signed vehicle_entry/exit ledger event. Two optional, independent bindings:
-// matching plate. Credentials and cars are child rows. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+// car-count (maxConcurrent, default 1, null = unbound) and plate (plates rows,
-export const permits = sqliteTable("permits", {
+// default none = any car). Identity = card/QR OR a matching plate (LPR/ANPR future).
+// Pricing: priceMinor + period + currency record the plan; collecting the fee into
+// the ledger/shift is deferred. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+// NB: signed ledger events still carry `permitId` in their payload — immutable
+// history, intentionally NOT renamed. These tables are the mutable master data,
+// renamed permit→subscription in migration 0004.
+export const subscriptions = sqliteTable("subscriptions", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
   holderName: text("holder_name"),
   contact: text("contact"),
-  // Car-count binding: how many of the permit's cars may be inside at once.
+  // Recurring price for the plan, in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00 ALL).
+  // null = no price set (comp/legacy). The `period` says what it recurs over.
+  priceMinor: integer("price_minor"),
+  period: text("period", { enum: ["monthly"] }).notNull().default("monthly"),
+  // ISO-4217 currency of priceMinor (e.g. "ALL"). null when no price set.
+  currency: text("currency"),
+  // Car-count binding: how many of the subscription's cars may be inside at once.
   // null = unbound. Default 1.
   maxConcurrent: integer("max_concurrent").default(1),
   validFrom: text("valid_from"),
@@ -225,19 +242,19 @@ export const permits = sqliteTable("permits", {
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
 });
 
-// A permit's credentials (RF tag/chip/card, or QR). Either opens the lane.
+// A subscription's credentials (RF tag/chip/card, or QR). Either opens the barrier.
-export const permitCredentials = sqliteTable("permit_credentials", {
+export const subscriptionCredentials = sqliteTable("subscription_credentials", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id").notNull(),
   kind: text("kind", { enum: ["rf", "qr"] }).notNull(),
   value: text("value").notNull(),
 });
 
-// Plate binding (optional). When a permit has plate rows, a matching plate read is
+// Plate binding (optional). When a subscription has plate rows, a matching plate read
-// itself an accepted identity (card/QR OR plate). Empty = not plate-bound (any car).
+// is itself an accepted identity (card/QR OR plate). Empty = not plate-bound (any car).
-export const permitPlates = sqliteTable("permit_plates", {
+export const subscriptionPlates = sqliteTable("subscription_plates", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id").notNull(),
   plate: text("plate").notNull(),
 });
 
@@ -266,8 +283,8 @@ export const sessions = sqliteTable("sessions", {
   // Identity that opened the session, and how it was read.
   identity: text("identity"),
   source: text("source"),
-  // null while transient; set when matched to a permit.
+  // null while transient; set when matched to a subscription.
-  permitId: text("permit_id"),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id"),
   enteredAt: text("entered_at").notNull(),
   // null until exit; presence = CLOSED.
   exitedAt: text("exited_at"),
@@ -288,8 +305,8 @@ export type SetupStateRow = typeof setupState.$inferSelect;
 export type SiteConfigRow = typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect;
 export type TariffRow = typeof tariffs.$inferSelect;
 export type TariffVersionRow = typeof tariffVersions.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitRow = typeof permits.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionRow = typeof subscriptions.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitCredentialRow = typeof permitCredentials.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionCredentialRow = typeof subscriptionCredentials.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitPlateRow = typeof permitPlates.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionPlateRow = typeof subscriptionPlates.$inferSelect;
 export type BlocklistRow = typeof blocklist.$inferSelect;
 export type SessionRow = typeof sessions.$inferSelect;

packages/devices/src/drivers/printer-rongta.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type {
   PrinterDevice,
   PrinterStatus,
   PrintReport,
+  SubscriptionCardData,
   TicketData,
 } from "../interfaces.js";
 import type { ConfigField, DeviceConfig, PrinterDriver } from "../registry.js";
@@ -108,6 +109,37 @@ function code128(data: string): Buffer {
   ]);
 }
 
+// --- 2D QR symbol (printer-generated via ESC/POS GS ( k) -----------------------
+// A true QR for the SUBSCRIPTION card — the subscriber scans it at the reader (which
+// reads QR + 1D barcode) every entry/exit for the coverage period. The board renders
+// the QR from these GS ( k commands (no bitmap, no dependency), same approach as
+// code128. We also print the code as text below as the hand-key fallback. The QR
+// "model 2" sequence: set model → set module size → set error-correction → store the
+// data in symbol storage → print it. See ESC/POS GS ( k (function 165/167/169/180/181).
+
+/** A QR code via ESC/POS `GS ( k`. `size` = module dot size (1–16; 6 ≈ readable on
+ *  80mm at short range). Error-correction level M (15%) — robust to a smudged print. */
+function qrCode(data: string, size = 6): Buffer {
+  const bytes = Buffer.from(data, "ascii");
+  // pL/pH encode the data length + 3 (the cn,fn,m header bytes) for function 180.
+  const store = bytes.length + 3;
+  const pL = store & 0xff;
+  const pH = (store >> 8) & 0xff;
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    // fn 165: select QR model — 1d 28 6b 04 00 31 41 <model=50(2)> 00
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x04, 0x00, 0x31, 0x41, 0x32, 0x00]),
+    // fn 167: module size — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 43 <size>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x43, size]),
+    // fn 169: error correction level — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 45 <49=M>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x45, 0x31]),
+    // fn 180: store the symbol data — 1d 28 6b pL pH 31 50 30 <data>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, pL, pH, 0x31, 0x50, 0x30]),
+    bytes,
+    // fn 181: print the stored symbol — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 51 30
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x51, 0x30]),
+  ]);
+}
+
 // Ticket/receipt strings — Albanian (the site prints in Albanian for now). Kept in
 // one place so a real i18n layer (per-locale tables + a t() helper) can replace this
 // later without touching the render functions. See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
@@ -118,6 +150,12 @@ const STR = {
   issuedAt: (v: string) => `Printuar më: ${v}`,
   /** "Lost your ticket? <phone>" footer; printed only when a phone is set. */
   lostTicket: (phone: string) => `Keni humbur biletën? ${phone}`,
+  /** Subscription-card title. */
+  subscription: "ABONIM",
+  /** "Holder: <name>" line on the card. */
+  holder: (name: string) => `Mbajtësi: ${name}`,
+  /** "Valid: <from> – <to>" line on the card. */
+  validity: (from: string, to: string) => `Vlen: ${from} – ${to}`,
 } as const;
 
 /** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a free-form text report (e.g. shift Z-report). */
@@ -178,6 +216,35 @@ function renderTicket(data: TicketData): Buffer {
   ]);
 }
 
+/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a SUBSCRIPTION CARD: park header → a scannable
+ *  QR of the code → the code in text (hand-key fallback) → holder + validity window.
+ *  The subscriber keeps this and scans the QR at the reader every entry/exit. */
+function renderSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Buffer {
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    renderHeader(data.header),
+    line(),
+    BOLD_ON,
+    line(STR.subscription),
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    qrCode(data.code),
+    line(),
+    // The code in text, as the fallback if the QR won't scan.
+    line(data.code),
+    ALIGN_LEFT,
+    line(),
+  ];
+  if (data.holderName) parts.push(line(STR.holder(data.holderName)));
+  if (data.validFrom || data.validTo) {
+    parts.push(line(STR.validity(data.validFrom ?? "—", data.validTo ?? "—")));
+  }
+  parts.push(FEED_AND_CUT);
+  return Buffer.concat(parts);
+}
+
 /** Open a TCP socket, write the bytes, wait for flush, then close. */
 function sendRaw(host: string, port: number, payload: Buffer, timeoutMs: number): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -320,6 +387,11 @@ class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
     stubLog(this.driverId, `printed report "${report.title}" (${report.lines.length} lines)`);
   }
 
+  async printSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderSubscriptionCard(data), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed subscription card ${data.code}`);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Live operator-actionable status, scraped from the device's own status page.
    * The board decodes the ESC/POS status bits itself, so we trust its Yes/No

packages/devices/src/interfaces.ts

@@ -209,12 +209,28 @@ export interface TicketData {
   readonly header?: TicketHeader;
 }
 
+/** A subscription card: the customer's keepsake, printed at the booth on creation
+ *  (and re-printable). The driver renders the `code` as a SCANNABLE QR (the
+ *  subscriber scans it every entry/exit) plus the code as text + the holder/validity.
+ *  See wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+export interface SubscriptionCardData {
+  /** The credential value to encode in the QR (e.g. "SUB-…"). */
+  readonly code: string;
+  readonly holderName?: string | null;
+  /** Coverage window, for the printed card (human-readable already, or ISO). */
+  readonly validFrom?: string | null;
+  readonly validTo?: string | null;
+  readonly header?: TicketHeader;
+}
+
 export interface PrinterDevice extends Device {
   printTicket(data: TicketData): Promise<void>;
   /** Print a free-form text report (a shift Z-report, a receipt). `lines` are
    *  printed as-is; the driver adds a header/cut. Kept generic so the business
    *  layer composes the content. See wiki/concepts/shift.md. */
   printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void>;
+  /** Print a subscription card: a scannable QR of the code + holder/validity. */
+  printSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Promise<void>;
 }
 
 export interface PrintReport {

wiki/concepts/anti-passback.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ session projection.
 
 ## The rule
 
-An identity (ticket id, [[permit]] credential, or plate) **must not enter while it already has an
+An identity (ticket id, [[subscription]] credential, or plate) **must not enter while it already has an
 OPEN [[parking-session|session]].** At entry:
 
 ```
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ identify vehicle → is there already an OPEN session for this id?
 
 This is a **fold over the signed [[append-only-event-chain]]** ("does an entry for this id exist
 with no matching exit?") — not a mutable in/out flag that could be edited. Same projection that
-powers [[capacity-occupancy]] and [[permit]] `maxConcurrent`.
+powers [[capacity-occupancy]] and [[subscription]] `maxConcurrent`.
 
 ## Interaction with the limits already designed
 
 - **Transient ticket** — a single ticket id is inherently one session; a second entry on the same
   id is always a violation (or a re-print/duplication attempt).
-- **Permit** — passback is the *per-car* case of the permit's `maxConcurrent` ([[permit]]): a
+- **Permit** — passback is the *per-car* case of the permit's `maxConcurrent` ([[subscription]]): a
   multi-car permit legitimately has several open sessions, but **the same car/credential** entering
   twice is still a violation. So enforce per-identity, *under* the permit's concurrency allowance.
 

wiki/concepts/booth-console.md

@@ -83,6 +83,15 @@ the Active-Sessions "Open barrier" is disabled the same way. The server enforces
 (`requireShift` 409 `no_shift`) — the UI just front-runs the rejection. The live feed is **scoped to
 the open shift's window** (empty when no shift is open). See [[shift]] for the rule and the routes.
 
+## The device-status footer
+
+A **fixed footer** in the app shell shows the live status of every configured device — relays,
+readers, cameras, printers — one chip each (coloured dot + name + fault detail), with an "all ready
+/ N offline" roll-up. Fed by the unified [[device-status-monitoring|DeviceMonitor]] over the same
+`/api/ws` socket (`hello` carries the initial set; a `device-status` frame per change), held in the
+live store keyed by device id, with `GET /api/devices/status` as the seed/fallback. Visible on every
+screen, so the operator always sees the barrier relay's reachability and the printer's paper state.
+
 ## Dev notes
 - Vite proxies `/api/ws` (`ws: true`) to the backend; the backend's Origin allowlist must include the
   dev SPA origin (`WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=http://localhost:5173`). In production Fastify serves the SPA

wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 type: concept
 tags: [parking, domain, booth, exit, payment, threat-model]
 sources: []
-updated: 2026-06-17
+updated: 2026-06-18
 status: open
 ---
 
@@ -62,28 +62,56 @@ phantom obstacle: an animal, a person, a cardboard box or bag in the wind). Thes
 **human in the booth** to open the barrier, leaving a signed trace.
 
 **A session is "active" (shown in the booth Active Sessions list) while it is EITHER:**
-- **open** — entered, no `vehicle_exit` yet (still inside), OR
+- **open + unpaid** — entered, no `vehicle_exit`, owing money. **Always shown** — a car that owes
+  money never ages out; it's genuinely still inside until it pays, however long that takes. OR
+- **open + paid, still within grace** — paid but no exit recorded yet, `now ≤ graceExpiresAt`. OR
 - **exited but `now ≤ graceExpiresAt`** — paid and/or the voucher scanned, but still within the
   walk-back grace window. Because the barrier is unconfirmed, the car is presumed *possibly still
   present* until grace expires. **Payment and a successful voucher scan do NOT remove it from the
   list** — only grace expiry does.
 
-A session drops off the list once it is exited **and** past grace (presumed truly gone).
+A session drops off the list once it is **past grace** and EITHER exited OR **paid** (presumed truly
+gone). The **paid age-out** is important: a paid session whose walk-back grace lapsed has left, so it
+is omitted **even if no `vehicle_exit` was ever signed**. Without this, a paid car that left via a
+manual barrier re-open (which historically signed no exit — see below) would linger **forever**
+(ticket T-397815c0, 2026-06-18). The signed log is untouched — this is purely the list's display
+filter (`PayStation.activeSessions()`).
 
 ### The one operator action — "Open barrier" (audited re-pulse)
 
 For an active session, the operator can open the barrier as a **human intervention**. This:
 - **re-pulses an exit relay** (resolved site-wide, as the booth exit does), and
-- signs an **`anomaly`** (`source: booth`, attributed to the operator, reason "manual barrier open")
+- signs an **`anomaly`** (`source: booth`, attributed to the operator, reason "manual barrier open"), and
-  — **NEVER a second `vehicle_exit`** (a second exit would double-count occupancy and corrupt the
+- **closes the session IF it is still open** — i.e. if no `vehicle_exit` exists yet, the re-open *is*
-  ledger's meaning). It is an audited *re-open*, not a new exit.
+  this car leaving, so it also signs a **`vehicle_exit`** (`source: manual`, reason "human-intervention
+  exit"). If the session is **already exited** (the phantom re-close case — a second exit would
+  double-count occupancy), it signs **no** second exit: anomaly only.
 
-**Guard — no payment, no button.** The "Open barrier" action is shown/active **only for sessions that
+> **Refined 2026-06-18 (was "NEVER a `vehicle_exit`").** The original rule never signed an exit on a
-have a payment** (paid, or paid-and-exited-in-grace). An **unpaid** open session has **no barrier-open
+> re-open, on the assumption a normal `vehicle_exit` had already happened. But when the re-open was the
-affordance at all** — the row routes to the [[#operator-flow|pay/exit modal]] instead. The
+> *only* way a car left (its walk-back grace had expired, so a normal exit was refused), the session
-no-unpaid-bypass rule is enforced structurally: the button simply does not exist for an unpaid car.
+> kept **no exit event** and lingered as "open" forever (ticket T-397815c0). Fix: sign the exit only
-(A future reason-required *force exit* for genuine disputes would be a separately-audited path — see
+> when the session is **still open**, preserving the no-double-count guarantee for the already-exited
-Open.)
+> case. The [[#a-session-is-active|paid age-out]] above is the belt-and-braces safety net for any
+> paid session that still slips through.
+
+**Guard — paid OR subscription, else no button.** The "Open barrier" action is shown/active for a
+session that **has a payment** (paid, or paid-and-exited-in-grace) **OR is a [[subscription]]
+occurrence** (prepaid — the operator must be able to assist a subscriber when the exit reader / card
+fails). An **unpaid TRANSIENT** open session has **no barrier-open affordance** — the row routes to
+the [[#operator-flow|pay/exit modal]] instead. The no-unpaid-bypass rule is enforced structurally
+(server-side in `reopenBarrier`: `paidAt != null || subscription`). A future reason-required *force
+exit* for genuine disputes would be a separately-audited path — see Open.
+
+### Subscription occurrences in the booth (built 2026-06-18)
+
+A subscriber's car shows in Active Sessions as a **subscription** session (badge "abonim"; labelled by
+the **holder name**, not the raw `SUBSESS-…` key). Opening it shows the **pay/exit modal in
+subscription mode**: entry/duration + **PREPAID** (no amount — it is **never quoted or charged**),
+the entry/exit **snapshots**, and a single **Open barrier** action (the audited re-pulse). This is
+exactly the assist path for a **faulty exit reader or a missing/forgotten card/QR**. The session
+view (`lookup` / `activeSessions` in `pay-station.ts`) carries `subscription`, `subscriptionId`,
+`subscriptionHolder`, derived from the entry payload's `permit:true` / `permitId`.
 
 This single mechanism covers both edge cases: a **damaged ticket / dead scanner** (find the still-open
 session in the list → pay/exit modal, or if already paid → Open barrier, no scan needed), and a

wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ editable and drifts; the chain is the truth). Spaces-free = `capacity − occupa
 
 - **`capacity`** is admin-set per site (and per **zone/level** if the lot has sections — model a
   `zone` on capacity + on the entry so multi-level is a later addition, not a rewrite).
-- Permit concurrency (`maxConcurrent`, see [[permit]]) is the same kind of fold, scoped to one
+- Permit concurrency (`maxConcurrent`, see [[subscription]]) is the same kind of fold, scoped to one
   permit's open sessions.
 
 ## Full → refuse entry + FULL sign

wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, device, monitoring, reliability, ui]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Device status monitoring (the booth footer)
+
+The booth shows a **fixed footer** with the live status of every configured device — relays,
+readers, cameras, printers — so an operator sees at a glance that the barrier relay is reachable,
+the exit scanner is up, and the ticket printer has paper. This generalises the printer-only
+[[printer-status-monitoring]] to **all four [[device-adapter-pattern|device categories]]**. A
+reliability control, not a threat-model one. (Built 2026-06-18.)
+
+## What gets polled, and how
+
+Every **enabled** row in `devices` is polled on an interval, regardless of category — the monitor
+talks only to the adapter interfaces ([[device-adapter-pattern]]), never a driver SDK:
+
+- **Printers** → their rich `MonitorableDevice.readStatus()` (paper end / near-end, cover open,
+  cutter error, off-line) — the same capability the existing [[printer-status-monitoring|PrinterMonitor]]
+  uses. The footer surfaces the fault detail.
+- **Relays / readers / cameras** → the generic `Device.healthCheck()` **reachability** probe every
+  adapter implements (`ready | degraded | offline`). This is presence/up-ness, not a deep fault
+  model — a relay either answers or it doesn't.
+
+Both collapse to one **traffic-light**: `ready | degraded | offline`, plus a `detail` string. Fail
+**toward "there's a problem"**, never false-healthy: a probe that throws or times out reads
+`offline` (consistent with [[printer-status-monitoring]]'s fail-safe mapping); a driver that's no
+longer registered reads `offline` ("driver not registered") rather than vanishing.
+
+## The monitor (server)
+
+`DeviceMonitor` (`apps/server/src/device-monitor.ts`), modelled on the PrinterMonitor:
+
+- re-reads the device set each tick (a newly-assigned/removed device appears/disappears without a
+  restart); drops cached status for devices that are gone or disabled;
+- polls every `DEVICE_POLL_MS` (default **8000ms**), never overlapping ticks;
+- caches the latest unified status per device id;
+- emits a `device-status` bus event **only when a device's state or detail changes** (deduped).
+
+> **Relationship to the PrinterMonitor.** Both run. The PrinterMonitor stays the authority for the
+> printer-specific live detail + its SSE stream (`/api/printers/status*`) that the entry flow may
+> later depend on for [[printer-roles-failover]]. The DeviceMonitor is the **unified footer feed**
+> across all categories. They poll independently (printers get probed by both — cheap HTTP reads);
+> the small duplication is deliberate, to avoid coupling the footer to printer internals. Could be
+> consolidated later if the overlap ever matters.
+
+## API / live UI
+
+- `GET /api/devices/status` — cached snapshot of all devices (no device round-trip). Any
+  authenticated role (operational, not a setup action).
+- Live updates ride the **one booth [[booth-console|WebSocket]]** (`/api/ws`): the `hello` frame
+  carries the initial device-status set; a `device-status` frame is pushed per change. The web
+  [[booth-console|live store]] holds the set keyed by device id; the REST snapshot seeds it / fills
+  in if the socket is briefly down.
+- **`DeviceFooter`** (`apps/web/src/ui/DeviceFooter.tsx`) renders one **compact** chip per device —
+  a coloured dot + a **role label, never the vendor** — ordered access → reader → camera → printer,
+  with a right-aligned roll-up ("N with issues" / "all ready"). Mounted in the app shell so it's
+  visible on every screen.
+
+### Label = role, not vendor (refinement 2026-06-18)
+
+The chip shows **what the device does, not who made it**: the localised category + a role/direction
+suffix → `Lexuesi hyrje`, `Printer kabina`, `Kamera dalje`. The server sends a structured
+**`roleKind`** token (not a composed string), the client localises it:
+- **reader / camera** → the direction inherited from its bound relay (`directionOf()` in
+  [[entry-exit-points|device-resolve]]): `entry | exit | both`.
+- **access controller** → `entry | exit | both` from its `relays[]`, or **`mixed`** when it spans
+  more than one direction; `null` if it declares none yet.
+- **printer** → `lane` (entry-dispenser) | `booth` (booth-receipt) — the [[printer-roles-failover]] role.
+- `null` → the chip shows the category alone.
+
+### Detail does NOT pollute the footer (refinement 2026-06-18)
+
+Chips stay short — **no inline fault text**. A device that is `degraded`/`offline` is clickable (so
+is the roll-up); clicking opens a small **issues panel** anchored above the footer that lists only
+the problem devices with their role label, state, the `detail` string, and the last-checked time.
+`ready` chips are non-interactive. The panel closes on outside-click / Escape (a lightweight
+popover — no extra dependency; only Radix Dialog is installed).
+
+## Verified (2026-06-18)
+
+On a fresh DB seeded with a stub relay, a TCP reader, and two printers (one reachable, one not):
+relay + reader → `ready` via `healthCheck`; the unreachable printer → `offline` (with a detail
+string, never threw); the bus emitted once per device on first observation, and a second unchanged
+tick was silent (change-only emit). Server + web build clean.
+
+## Open / not yet done
+
+- **Reachability ≠ correctness.** `healthCheck()` says a relay/reader answers, not that it's wired
+  to the right barrier or reading cards — that's a setup/precondition concern ([[first-run-setup]],
+  the Dingtian [[access-controller-button-flow|precondition checks]]).
+- **No per-device history / alerting.** The footer is point-in-time; a flapping device isn't
+  tracked over time. Reconciliation-style alerting is out of scope here.
+- **Cameras** only expose `healthCheck` reachability today; a "last snapshot age" health signal
+  could be richer ([[lpr-camera]], [[opencv-anpr-service]]).
+- Possible later **consolidation** of PrinterMonitor + DeviceMonitor (see the note above).

wiki/concepts/parking-session.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ A session needs a key that survives from entry to exit. Two populations, two key
 
 - **Transient:** a **ticket id** (printed, ideally on pre-numbered stock — see [[reconciliation]])
   or a **plate** read by [[lpr-camera|LPR]]. This id is carried in the event's `identity` field.
-- **Permit holder:** a **credential** (card / plate / QR) matched to a [[permit]] record. A valid
+- **Permit holder:** a **credential** (card / plate / QR) matched to a [[subscription]] record. A valid
   permit means the session owes nothing — the PAY step is skipped (see below).
 
 ## Lifecycle (pay-on-foot / pay station model)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ States, as derived from events:
 | **CLOSED** | a matching `vehicle_exit` event exists |
 | **VOIDED** | a `void` event references the session (lost ticket written off, error correction) |
 
-Permit sessions skip PAID: a valid [[permit]] at exit is itself the authorization to close.
+Permit sessions skip PAID: a valid [[subscription]] at exit is itself the authorization to close.
 
 ## Edge cases the model must name (not yet designed in full)
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ follow this page and [[tariff]]; the decision is recorded in [[session-model]].
   fails. See [[device-input-flow]].
 - **Read dispatch** (`apps/server/src/read-dispatch.ts`): a credential read routes to the
   **permit flow** if it matches a permit (card/QR/bound plate), else to the transient **exit flow**.
-  Lane resolved once (`readerLaneWithAccess`). See [[permit]] as-built.
+  Lane resolved once (`readerLaneWithAccess`). See [[subscription]] as-built.
 - **Exit flow** (`apps/server/src/exit-flow.ts`): a credential **read** (the `read` bus channel) →
   fold the signed ledger for that identity → validate **open + PAID + within `gracePeriodExitMin`**
   → signed `vehicle_exit` → `pulseOpen`. Unpaid / expired / unknown → signed `anomaly`, barrier

wiki/concepts/printer-status-monitoring.md

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ updated: 2026-06-14
 
 # Printer status monitoring
 
+> **Generalised 2026-06-18:** the booth's all-device status **footer** is a separate, unified
+> monitor across every category (relays/readers/cameras/printers) — see
+> [[device-status-monitoring]]. This page remains the authority for the *printer-specific* rich
+> status (paper/cover/cutter) + its SSE stream; both monitors run.
+
 The booth must know a printer is in trouble **before** a driver presses the entry button and no
 ticket comes out. So the system polls each printer's live status (paper out, cover open, cutter
 jam, off-line) and pushes changes to the operator UI. A reliability control, like

wiki/concepts/reporting-analytics.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ derived and rebuildable, never a separate ledger.
 - **Revenue** — by day/week/shift, by tender (cash vs. card), gross vs. discounts vs. net. Source:
   `payment` events + [[validation-discounts|discount]] events + `shift_z_report` ([[shift]]).
 - **Occupancy** — current ([[capacity-occupancy]]) and historical curve; peak times; turnover.
-- **Stay analytics** — average/median duration, distribution; transient vs. [[permit]] split.
+- **Stay analytics** — average/median duration, distribution; transient vs. [[subscription]] split.
 - **Permit usage** — active permits, utilisation, concurrency vs. `maxConcurrent`.
 - **Anomalies** — out-of-band opens, never-exited sessions, occupancy drift, over-validation —
   the `anomaly` events + reconciliation findings ([[reconciliation]]).

wiki/concepts/shift.md

@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ login ————————————————————————
 ## What End Shift does
 
 1. Determine the shift's payment set: the signed `payment` events ([[parking-session]],
-   [[append-only-event-chain]]) between this shift's start mark and now.
+   [[append-only-event-chain]]) between this shift's start mark and now. This includes a
+   **[[subscription]] fee** an operator collects during the shift (sold/renewed at the booth → a
+   signed `payment`, deferred build) — it folds into this set like any transient taking.
 2. Sum by **tender**: `cashTotal`, and `cardTotal` from the POS/terminal **if a POS is configured**
    (the card line is omitted when there's no terminal).
 3. Append a signed **`shift_z_report`** event (type already in `packages/shared`): `{ operator,

wiki/concepts/tariff.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ status: open
 
 How a [[parking-session]]'s fee is computed from its duration. A tariff is **admin-composed data,
 not code** — the park owner builds and constantly edits the rate card at runtime (like a
-[[permit]]), in a selectable currency, with **no numbers hard-coded anywhere** and no code change to
+[[subscription]]), in a selectable currency, with **no numbers hard-coded anywhere** and no code change to
 reprice. The computation is **pure and offline** ([[offline-first]]: no network, no clock authority
 beyond the host).
 
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ production.
 
 ## Permit holders
 
-A valid [[permit]] bypasses tariff computation entirely for the covered period (subscription
+A valid [[subscription]] bypasses tariff computation entirely for the covered period (subscription
 already paid out-of-band). A permit that has lapsed mid-stay falls back to the transient tariff for
-the uncovered time — an edge case to design with [[permit]].
+the uncovered time — an edge case to design with [[subscription]].
 
 ## Versioning — edits publish immutable, effective-dated versions
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Two operator asks extend this engine; both have design pages (not yet built), gr
   slicing a stay at window boundaries while keeping the block ladder + daily cap continuous.
 - **Validation & sponsorship** (merchant comps, coupons, **postpaid B2B** "enter/exit free, bill the
   business monthly") — see [[validation-sponsorship]]. A validation is a **typed modifier applied as a
-  signed event** on a transient session, distinct from a [[permit]]; postpaid sponsors accrue a
+  signed event** on a transient session, distinct from a [[subscription]]; postpaid sponsors accrue a
   monthly-invoiced liability derivable from the chain.
 
 ## Open

wiki/concepts/validation-sponsorship.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ postpaid agreement whose customers enter and exit freely, billed to the business
 
 ## Why this is NOT a permit (the key distinction)
 
-| | [[permit]] | Validation / sponsorship |
+| | [[subscription]] | Validation / sponsorship |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Subject | Known in advance; carries a credential (card/QR/plate) | Anonymous walk-in; identified only by the **ticket they were issued** |
 | When applied | At entry (credential opens the lane) | **After entry**, against an existing session — at a pay station, by a code, or by a sponsor rule |
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ validations       id, session_id, sponsor_id?, type, amount_minor|minutes,
 - A **postpaid** sponsor: each full-comp validation appends a row and accrues `amount` to the
   sponsor; monthly invoice = sum over the period; exit is free at the lane.
 - **Free entry/exit "freely"**: either the sponsor issues credentials (then it's closer to a
-  [[permit]] — pick that path), or customers take a normal ticket and a sponsor rule / merchant code
+  [[subscription]] — pick that path), or customers take a normal ticket and a sponsor rule / merchant code
   comps it at exit. The agreement wording decides which; **both are expressible.**
 
 ## Reconciliation & settlement
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ validations       id, session_id, sponsor_id?, type, amount_minor|minutes,
   Statement lines trace to signed validation events → disputes resolvable against the chain.
 
 ## Open
-- **"Enter/exit freely" mechanism**: sponsor-issued credentials ([[permit]]-like) vs. ticket +
+- **"Enter/exit freely" mechanism**: sponsor-issued credentials ([[subscription]]-like) vs. ticket +
   comp-at-exit. Likely offer both; confirm the operator's actual deal shape.
 - Prepaid coupon format: printed codes (legacy) vs. QR vs. merchant web-validation portal.
 - Who may apply a validation, and the **per-operator cap** (a comp is a fraud vector — bound it and

wiki/decisions/session-model.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The starting decision for the **business layer**, taken 2026-06-15 as the projec
    events. A cache table is allowed for query speed but is always rebuildable and never
    authoritative.
 2. **Transient-first, mixed site.** Model the casual pay-for-duration session + [[tariff]] first;
-   layer [[permit]] holders on top as a second identity source that short-circuits payment
+   layer [[subscription]] holders on top as a second identity source that short-circuits payment
    ([[entry-exit-readers]]).
 3. **Pay-on-foot / pay station.** Payment is **decoupled from exit**: the customer pays at a
    central station; the exit lane only validates the session is paid and within the walk-back
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pay-station and exit-validation flows. Schema (`packages/db`) + shared types fol
 
 - Rate card, currency, grace windows, caps — operator/procurement input ([[tariff]]).
 - Tariff versioning (effective-dated) for historical repricing.
-- [[permit]] data model + lapsed-mid-stay handling.
+- [[subscription]] data model + lapsed-mid-stay handling.
 - Wire payment capture to a concrete pay-station terminal ([[open-questions]] #3) — kept abstract
   (payment = an independent signed event referencing a session) until procurement settles.
 - Reconciliation of sessions/payments against an external authority remains [[open-questions]] #4

wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ status: open
 The project's **QR-code reader** (GEE NFC LIMITED). A static optical scanner for **QR /
 DataMatrix / 1D barcode**, optional ID/IC card. This is the **[[ticket-encoding|QR ticket]]
 scanner** the design called for — read at the pay station and exit lane — and a path for **QR
-[[permit]]** credentials. On hand: variant **`-Q-W`** (QR scanner; Wiegand/RS-232/RS-485).
+[[subscription]]** credentials. On hand: variant **`-Q-W`** (QR scanner; Wiegand/RS-232/RS-485).
 (See [[gee-qr-er80|datasheet summary]] / `raw/`.)
 
 ## What it is (and isn't)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ GET /qa/mcardsea.php?cardid=<QR>&mjihao=<devId>&cjihao=<devSN>&status=<2 chars>&
 This is **host-in-the-loop and SYNCHRONOUS**: the GET *is* the access query and **our reply is the
 decision** — it drives the reader's beep + output. So unlike a fire-and-forget reader, the endpoint
 must decide (valid/invalid, direction from `status`) and reply, then also emit a `DeviceReadEvent`
-on the `read` bus for the entry/exit/permit flows ([[parking-session]], [[permit]]) to open the
+on the `read` bus for the entry/exit/permit flows ([[parking-session]], [[subscription]]) to open the
 barrier. ([[device-input-flow]] is the analogous push pattern; this one also returns a verdict.)
 
 > **This explains the "no beep":** feedback comes from the server's JSON reply, not locally. A

wiki/entities/opencv-anpr-service.md

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ recognition **host-side on ordinary IP-camera snapshots**, replacing the dedicat
 
 1. **Identity (ANPR).** snapshot → `{ plate, confidence, bbox }`. Feeds the existing
    `IdentitySource = "lpr"` ([[parking-session]]): the plate is a session/identity key and the way
-   a plate-bound [[permit]] is matched.
+   a plate-bound [[subscription]] is matched.
 2. **Verification (anti-fraud witness).** snapshot → vehicle attributes — at minimum
    `{ make?, model?, colour, bodyType }`, ideally a compact **visual fingerprint** (an embedding).
    This is the answer to **plate-spoofing**: *a fraudster prints a registered/paid plate and drives
    in with a different car.* Plate-reading alone can't catch that; comparing the **vehicle** seen at
-   entry vs. exit (and vs. the [[permit]]'s known car) can. A plate that entered on a red hatchback
+   entry vs. exit (and vs. the [[subscription]]'s known car) can. A plate that entered on a red hatchback
    but exits on a black SUV is a **reconciliation anomaly** — exactly the independent-witness role
    the [[append-only-event-chain]] flags as the unbuilt gap. See [[reconciliation]].
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ guarantee is preserved. Recorded as an explicit exception in [[standing-decision
 ## Anti-fraud / threat-model fit
 
 - **Plate spoofing** (the motivating case): vehicle-attribute / fingerprint mismatch entry↔exit or
-  vs. a [[permit]]'s registered car → anomaly. Doesn't *block* on its own (recognition is
+  vs. a [[subscription]]'s registered car → anomaly. Doesn't *block* on its own (recognition is
   probabilistic) — it **flags for [[reconciliation]]** and is captured in the signed record.
 - The recognition result and the source image both attach to the signed [[append-only-event-chain]]
   entry, so the *evidence* is tamper-evident even though recognition itself is host-side and

wiki/entities/permit.md

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
----
-type: entity
-tags: [parking, domain, business, subscriptions, identity]
-sources: []
-updated: 2026-06-15
-status: open
----
-
-# Permit (Subscription)
-
-A **subscription**: a known holder authorized to enter/exit without paying per-stay, for a covered
-period. The second of the "two populations" ([[entry-exit-readers]]); a valid permit
-**short-circuits the payment step** of a [[parking-session]] ([[session-model]]). Transient is
-built first; permits layer on top.
-
-## Credentials (how a permit is presented) — confirmed with operator 2026-06-15
-
-A permit is recognized by a credential read at the lane. Two kinds, mapping to the two identity
-paths:
-
-- **RF tag / chip / card.** An RFID/proximity credential. Read **host-side** (reader → host →
-  `pulseOpen`): autonomy isn't required (resolved below), and the [[dingtian-relay]] has no onboard
-  card list anyway, so there's no need to route RF into a controller. A Wiegand-out reader is still
-  fine and keeps a future autonomous path open ([[entry-exit-readers]]), but isn't required.
-- **QR code.** Read by the **optical reader** — inherently **host-side** ([[entry-exit-readers]]:
-  pure optical/network readers are invisible to a controller). Host decodes the QR → looks up the
-  permit → decides.
-
-Both feed the host as a reader event whose `source` is `wiegand` / `qr` (the `IdentitySource`
-already in the model) and whose value is the credential id.
-
-## Two optional, independent bindings — confirmed 2026-06-15
-
-A permit has **two constraints the admin may or may not apply**, orthogonally. Either, both, or
-neither — the four combinations are all valid.
-
-### 1. Car-count binding (default: 1)
-
-- **Optional.** By default a permit is bound to **1 car at a time**. The admin may raise the limit
-  (a household, a company fleet) or **unbind it entirely** (no cap on how many cars use it).
-- The limit is on **cars inside at once** (`maxConcurrent`), enforced over the
-  [[parking-session]] projection: at entry, count the permit's currently-open sessions; if
-  `< maxConcurrent` (or unbound) allow, else reject (allowance full). This is exactly why
-  sessions-as-projection matters — "how many of this permit's cars are inside right now" is a fold
-  over open entry/exit events, **not a counter someone can edit**.
-
-### 2. Plate binding (default: off)
-
-- **Optional.** By default a permit is **not** plate-bound — any car may use it (identity is the
-  card/QR). The admin may bind it to a set of specific licence plates.
-- When **bound**, an allowed plate is an **accepted identity in its own right** — a valid
-  **card/QR OR a matching plate** opens the lane (either, not a second factor):
-
-```
-entry: read card/QR → find permit → car-count ok → open
-   OR  LPR plate ∈ permit's bound plates → find permit → car-count ok → open
-```
-
-- **Accepted tradeoff:** card-OR-plate is the most convenient but does **not** prevent
-  card-sharing (a lent card still opens). Fine for a trusted permit population; the signed
-  [[append-only-event-chain]] records exactly which credential/plate entered, so abuse is visible
-  to [[reconciliation]] after the fact.
-- **Plate-spoofing defence:** a printed copy of a registered plate on a *different* car is caught
-  not here but by the [[opencv-anpr-service]]'s **vehicle-attribute verification** — the seen car
-  must reconcile with the permit's known car, not just the plate string.
-
-> The two are independent: a plate-bound permit may have no car cap; a car-capped permit may accept
-> any plate. The binding fields are simply absent/null when a constraint isn't applied.
-
-## Data model (first cut — to firm up with [[session-model]])
-
-A `permits` table (and supporting rows). Unlike the event log, reference/master data like permits
-**is** mutable (an admin grants/revokes/renews) — but every *use* of a permit still produces a
-signed `vehicle_entry`/`vehicle_exit` event in the [[append-only-event-chain]], so the audit trail
-stays append-only even though the permit record itself is editable.
-
-| Field | Notes |
-| --- | --- |
-| `id`, `holderName`/contact | the subscriber |
-| `credentials[]` | one or more: `{ kind: 'rf' \| 'qr', value }` |
-| `maxConcurrent` | car-count binding; **default 1**, raise for fleets, or `null` = unbound |
-| `plates[]` | plate binding; **default empty/false** = any car; when set, these plates are accepted identities |
-| `validFrom`, `validTo` | coverage window |
-| `status` | active / suspended / revoked |
-
-> Both bindings are nullable/empty by default — a bare permit is "1 car at a time, any plate,
-> identified by its card/QR".
-
-## Interaction with the session model
-
-- **Entry:** credential read → permit lookup → valid (active, in window, plate allowed **if
-  plate-bound**, concurrent cars `< maxConcurrent` **if car-bound**) → signed `vehicle_entry`
-  (source = `wiegand`/`qr`/`lpr`), open barrier. No ticket, no fee. (A bare permit applies neither
-  extra check — just active + in window.)
-- **Exit:** credential/plate read → matching open permit session → signed `vehicle_exit`, open. No
-  payment required.
-- **Lapsed mid-stay:** permit expires while a car is parked → the uncovered time falls back to the
-  transient [[tariff]] (edge case to design).
-- **Revoked:** a revoked permit fails the entry check → treated as transient (take a ticket) or
-  refused, per policy (OPEN).
-
-## As-built (2026-06-15)
-
-`apps/server/src/permit-flow.ts`, reached via the **read dispatcher**
-(`read-dispatch.ts`): a credential read routes to the permit flow if it **matches a permit**
-(card/QR credential, or a bound plate) — otherwise to the transient exit flow. So one read handler
-serves both populations ([[entry-exit-readers]]), disambiguated by *what the credential is*.
-
-- **Direction is inferred from session state for that car** — the read credential value is the
-  per-car session key. No open session for that car → **ENTRY** (check `maxConcurrent`, sign
-  `vehicle_entry`, open); an open session → **EXIT** (sign `vehicle_exit`, open, close). A fleet
-  permit thus has one session per car concurrently, and anti-passback falls out (a re-read of an
-  inside car is its exit, never a second entry).
-- **`maxConcurrent`** is enforced as a **fold over the signed ledger** — count the permit's
-  `vehicle_entry` events whose car has no later exit; reject at the limit (`null` = unbound).
-- **Validity** (active + within `validFrom`/`validTo`) and **plate-OR-card identity** as designed.
-  No ticket, no fee — the permit is the authorization; every use is still a signed ledger event
-  carrying `permitId`.
-- Refusals (revoked / out-of-window / at-capacity) are signed `anomaly` events; the barrier stays
-  closed. Verified end to end (entry, inferred exit, fleet cap, plate-bound, revoked, dispatch).
-
-**Admin CRUD** (`apps/server/src/routes/permits.ts` + `apps/web/src/PermitManager.tsx`): a permit is
-an **aggregate** (the row + its credentials + bound plates); create/update treat it as one unit
-(child sets are replaced on update). `GET /api/permits` (any signed-in role — for lookup),
-`POST/PUT/DELETE /api/permits[/:id]` + `POST /api/permits/:id/revoke` (**admin only**). Validation:
-`maxConcurrent` is a positive int or `null` (unbound); a permit must have **at least one credential
-or one bound plate** (else nothing identifies it). Revoke is the soft, common case (keeps history,
-barred at the barrier); DELETE hard-removes — past ledger events that reference the permit are
-untouched (the audit trail is append-only and independent). Verified via inject (validation, child
-replacement, RBAC, revoke/delete).
-
-## Resolved (2026-06-15)
-
-- **Two optional bindings, independent:** car-count (`maxConcurrent`, **default 1**, raisable or
-  unbound) and plate-binding (`plates[]`, **default off** = any car). Either, both, or neither.
-- **Plate vs. credential:** when plate-bound, **card/QR OR matching plate** — either is accepted
-  identity (not a second factor); card-sharing not prevented by design, caught by
-  [[reconciliation]] after.
-- **Autonomy:** **host-in-the-loop for everything** — no onboard card list needed, so the
-  [[dingtian-relay]] stays sufficient (no new controller). Permit entry **fails closed** if the
-  host is down ([[fail-state-safety]]). One code path for transient + permit.
-
-## Open questions
-
-1. **Reader hardware** — confirm the RF reader and the QR/optical reader models (procurement;
-   relates to [[bom]] and [[open-questions]]). RF need not be Wiegand now that autonomy isn't
-   required, but a Wiegand-out reader keeps options open.
-2. **Lapsed-mid-stay & revoked** policy (fall back to transient [[tariff]] vs. refuse) — confirm
-   with operator.

wiki/entities/rongta-printer.md

@@ -38,7 +38,14 @@ many ESC/POS-compatible OEM clones that share its firmware). Driver `rongta` in
 ## Ticket rendering
 
 `printTicket(TicketData)` builds ESC/POS: `ESC @` init, centered/bold/double-size header,
-lane, ticket id, issued-at, feed + partial cut (`GS V B`). CP437/ASCII subset.
+lane, ticket id, issued-at, feed + partial cut (`GS V B`). CP437/ASCII subset. The entry ticket
+encodes the id as a **1D Code128** barcode (`GS k`).
+
+**`printSubscriptionCard(SubscriptionCardData)`** (added 2026-06-18) renders a **2D QR** of the
+[[subscription]] code via ESC/POS **`GS ( k`** (model 2, EC level M) — firmware-rendered, no bitmap
+dependency — plus the code as text + holder/validity. Used for the auto-printed + reprintable
+subscription card. (Verified: the `GS ( k` store/print byte sequences + the embedded code appear on
+the wire against a TCP capture.)
 
 ## Status
 

wiki/entities/subscription.md

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+---
+type: entity
+tags: [parking, domain, business, subscriptions, identity, pricing]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Subscription
+
+A **subscriber**: a known holder who parks on a **recurring plan** (e.g. **10,000 ALL / month**)
+instead of paying per stay. The second of the "two populations" ([[entry-exit-readers]]); a valid
+subscription **short-circuits the payment step** of a [[parking-session]] ([[session-model]]).
+Transient is built first; subscriptions layer on top.
+
+> **Renamed 2026-06-18 (was "Permit").** The operator term is **subscription / abonim**, not
+> "permit / lejet". The master-data **tables/routes/UI/types were renamed** permit→subscription
+> (migration `0004`). The **signed ledger keeps its `permitId` payload field** — that is immutable,
+> hash-chained history, so renaming it would break verification of past events. So: *code & data =
+> "subscription"; the on-chain field name stays `permitId`.* See the schema note in `schema.ts`.
+
+## Pricing — recurring monthly plan (built 2026-06-18)
+
+Each subscription records its **own price**, so an individual and a company fleet can differ:
+
+- `priceMinor` — the recurring price in **minor units** (integer; e.g. `1000000` = 10,000.00).
+  `null` = no price set (a comp / legacy subscription).
+- `period` — the billing period. **`"monthly"` only** today (the enum is widened later if a site
+  ever needs weekly/annual).
+- `currency` — ISO-4217 of `priceMinor` (e.g. `"ALL"`); required when a price is set.
+
+A **site default monthly price** lives in `site_config.subscription_monthly_price_minor` — it
+merely **pre-fills** the new-subscription form; each subscription still stores its own value and may
+override.
+
+### Multi-month: pay N months → extend `validTo` (built 2026-06-18)
+
+A customer paying for **more than one month** is handled by the **coverage window**, not by separate
+records. The form takes a **`months`** count; with `validFrom` set, the server computes **`validTo =
+validFrom + N months`** (whole-month add, with day-overflow clamp — e.g. Jan 31 + 3mo → Apr 30). One
+subscription row, one window. The amount the operator should collect is **N × the monthly price**
+(the form previews `end date · total`); collection into the ledger is still deferred (below).
+
+- `months` is **input-only** — it's not stored; the stored truth is `validFrom`/`validTo`. Renewing
+  for more months is just editing the window (set a new `months` or an explicit `validTo`).
+- The validity check is unchanged: a session is allowed while the subscription is **active and
+  `now` ∈ [validFrom, validTo]** — so a 3-month window simply stays valid for three months.
+- An explicit **`validTo` override** is still accepted (manual end date) when `months` isn't used.
+
+### Collecting the fee is a SHIFT transaction (decided 2026-06-18, deferred build)
+
+Selling/renewing a subscription is a **financial transaction a common operator makes during their
+[[shift]]** — the subscriber pays the monthly fee at the booth like any other customer. So it is
+**not** an admin-only master-data edit; the money must land in **that operator's shift**: their
+drawer (if cash) and their [[shift|Z-report]].
+
+The clean way (the model already supports it): collection writes a signed **`payment`** ledger event
+— same shape the transient pay-station uses (`{ amountMinor, currency, tender }`) — at collection
+time, tagged with `{ subscriptionId }` so it's identifiable as subscription revenue.
+
+- It folds into the shift automatically: the Z-report sums `payment` events in `[start, end]` **by
+  payment time**, and the drawer fold adds **cash** tenders (card settles to the bank) — no new
+  summing logic needed. The fee lands in **whichever shift was open when it was taken**, attributed
+  to that operator. (See [[shift]] "drawer balance".)
+- **Admin** still edits the subscription master data (price, window, credentials); the **operator**
+  takes the money. Two different acts.
+- A subscription's own [[parking-session|entry/exit]] events stay **free** (no per-stay `payment`) —
+  only the *plan fee* is a payment, decoupled from any individual stay.
+
+> **Deferred build.** Today we only *record* the agreed price + coverage window
+> (`validFrom`/`validTo`); no collection event is written yet, so subscription revenue does not flow
+> into the drawer/Z-report or [[reconciliation]]. Open detail when built: whether to model it as a
+> plain `payment` (simplest, folds today) or a distinct `subscription_payment` type (clearer in
+> reports, but the shift/drawer fold would need to count it too). Leaning **plain `payment` +
+> `subscriptionId` tag**. (Decision 2026-06-18: store price now, collect-in-shift later.)
+
+## Credentials (how a subscription is presented) — confirmed 2026-06-15
+
+Recognized by a credential read at the barrier. The operator **chooses the credential type** per
+subscription. Two kinds, mapping to the two identity paths, and **either can be combined with
+LPR/ANPR plate identity** (the plate binding below):
+
+- **QR code — the only type live today (2026-06-18).** Read by the optical reader — inherently
+  **host-side** ([[entry-exit-readers]]). Host decodes the QR → looks up the subscription → decides.
+  A subscription's QR can be **printed**. The new-subscription form **defaults to QR**.
+  - **The code is AUTO-GENERATED server-side** (`SUB-<15× base32>`, crypto-random, checked
+    globally-unique). The operator never types it and the customer can't pick it — anti-fraud
+    (a chosen value could be guessable or collide). The UI sends a blank QR credential; the server
+    mints the value and returns it (so the UI can print it). **An RF credential, by contrast, carries
+    the physical card id, so it is operator-entered.**
+  - **Reader output = TCP/IP full string** (decided 2026-06-18, the [[gee-qr-er80|host-in-the-loop
+    QR reader]] path): the reader delivers the whole decoded string, so the code length is free
+    (unguessable token). *If a site ever wires the reader as **Wiegand 26/34** instead, a scanned
+    QR truncates to a 24-/32-bit number — the generated code would then have to be a numeric id in
+    that range. Not our path today.* (Manufacturer reader: ID/IC/NFC + QR/barcode; Wiegand 26/34 /
+    TCP/IP / USB / RS485; 125 kHz + 13.56 MHz — one device covers QR **and** future RFID.)
+  - **The card is PRINTED so the operator can hand it over.** On creation the server **auto-prints**
+    a subscription card on the booth printer ([[rongta-printer]], role `booth-receipt`, failing over
+    to the dispenser): park header → a **real scannable QR** of the code → the code as text (hand-key
+    fallback) → holder + validity window. Printing is **best-effort** — a print failure never fails
+    the create (the subscription + code are saved); the response returns `{ printed, printError }` and
+    the UI warns + offers **"Print code"** (reprint via `POST /api/subscriptions/:id/print`) for a
+    failed print / lost card / re-hand. The QR is rendered by the printer firmware via ESC/POS
+    **`GS ( k`** (model-2, error-correction M) — added to the Rongta driver
+    (`printSubscriptionCard`), no image/bitmap dependency (same approach as the Code128 ticket).
+- **RF tag / chip / card — selectable later, NOT live yet.** An RFID/proximity credential, read
+  **host-side** (reader → host → `pulseOpen`). **LIVE since 2026-06-18** — the operator selects RFID
+  and **reads the card off a physical reader** (see "Enrolling a card" below) rather than typing the
+  number. The GEE readers are combo QR + RFID (ID/IC/NFC), so the same device captures both. A
+  Wiegand-out reader keeps a future autonomous path open ([[entry-exit-readers]]); the
+  [[dingtian-relay]] has no onboard card list.
+- **Plate (LPR/ANPR) — NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.** When plate-bound (below), a matching plate read is an
+  accepted identity too. The vision/ANPR service that produces plate reads is future work
+  ([[opencv-anpr-service]] / [[lpr-camera]]); until it exists, plate binding has no live source.
+
+Both feed the host as a reader event whose `source` is `wiegand` / `qr` (the `IdentitySource`
+already in the model) and whose value is the credential id.
+
+### Enrolling a card — "Read card" capture (built 2026-06-18)
+
+RFID values are awkward to type, so the operator **presents the physical card to a chosen reader**
+and the system captures it into the credential. The catch is that the readers are also serving live
+traffic, so capture must **borrow one reader briefly without blocking the other**:
+
+- **`CredentialCapture`** (in-memory, single-site): the operator picks a reader and **arms** it
+  (`POST /api/subscriptions/capture/arm {deviceId}`). It is **single-shot + a ~30 s TTL**.
+- In the reader route (`qr-reader.ts`), each read first checks `tryConsume(deviceId, value)`: if
+  **this** reader is the armed one, the value is captured and the read is **NOT dispatched to the
+  access flow** (no barrier opens for a card being enrolled), then capture auto-disarms. A read on
+  **any other reader dispatches normally** — the live entry/exit flow on the other barrier is never
+  blocked. (Accepted trade: while armed, a real customer at the *armed* reader is captured instead of
+  admitted — kept tiny by single-shot + TTL.)
+- The booth form **polls** `GET /api/subscriptions/capture` (idle | armed | captured | expired);
+  on `captured` it drops the value into the RFID field. `POST …/capture/cancel` disarms.
+- Verified end-to-end (12/12): captured-not-dispatched (no ledger write), single-shot, the other
+  reader still drives a live `vehicle_exit` while armed, value retrievable, cancel/expiry.
+
+> The same mechanism would work to capture a **QR** too, but QR codes are server-generated + printed,
+> so capture is RFID-only in practice (QR has nothing to read off a card).
+
+### Multiple credentials, and entry decoupled from exit (2026-06-18)
+
+A subscription is a one-to-many aggregate: it may hold **several credentials at once** — e.g. a QR
+**and** an RFID card (and later NFC). Each is its own `subscription_credentials` row; any of them
+resolves the same subscription at the barrier. (NFC works today as an `rf` credential on the combo
+GEE reader; a distinct `nfc` `kind` is a small future labelling-only addition.)
+
+Crucially, **entry and exit are NOT bound to the same credential.** Originally the session was keyed
+by the exact credential value read, so you had to leave with whatever you arrived with — an
+*accidental* coupling. Now sessions are keyed by a **subscription occurrence** (`SUBSESS-<subId>-<uuid>`),
+so you can **enter with the QR and exit with the card**. The mechanics (barrier-decides-direction,
+FIFO close, fleet support) are in "As-built" below.
+
+## Two optional, independent bindings — confirmed 2026-06-15
+
+A subscription has **two constraints the admin may or may not apply**, orthogonally. Either, both, or
+neither.
+
+### 1. Car-count binding (default: 1)
+
+- **Optional.** By default bound to **1 car at a time**. The admin may raise the limit (a household, a
+  company fleet) or **unbind it entirely** (no cap).
+- The limit is on **cars inside at once** (`maxConcurrent`), enforced over the [[parking-session]]
+  projection: at entry, count the subscription's currently-open sessions; if `< maxConcurrent` (or
+  unbound) allow, else reject. A fold over the signed ledger, **not a counter someone can edit**.
+
+### 2. Plate binding (default: off)
+
+- **Optional.** By default not plate-bound — any car may use it (identity is the card/QR). The admin
+  may bind it to a set of specific plates; a matching plate then **is an accepted identity**
+  (card/QR **OR** plate, not a second factor).
+- **Accepted tradeoff:** card-OR-plate doesn't prevent card-sharing; the signed
+  [[append-only-event-chain]] records exactly which credential/plate entered, so abuse is visible to
+  [[reconciliation]]. Plate-spoofing (a printed plate on a different car) is caught by the
+  [[opencv-anpr-service]]'s vehicle-attribute verification, not here.
+
+## Time-of-day access windows — DESIGN NOTE, NOT YET IMPLEMENTED (2026-06-18)
+
+A subscription may be valid **only during certain hours of the day**, behaving as a normal transient
+customer outside them. The motivating case: an **overnight subscriber** allowed in on their
+subscription **19:00 → 07:00**, but charged the normal [[tariff]] if they park during the day.
+
+Intended behaviour (to design + build later):
+
+- The subscription carries one or more **recurring daily time windows** (e.g. `[{ from: "19:00",
+  to: "07:00", days: [...] }]`). Windows may **wrap past midnight** (19:00→07:00 spans two calendar
+  days) — the check must handle the wrap.
+- **At ENTRY**, evaluate the window against the host clock ([[clock-integrity]]):
+  - **inside the window** → subscription entry (no ticket, no fee), exactly as today;
+  - **outside the window** → the car is treated as a **normal transient**: it takes a ticket and
+    pays the [[tariff]] on the way out. The subscription is simply *not used* for this stay.
+- **The boundary cases need a decision** (flagged, not resolved):
+  - *Enters inside the window, exits outside it* (parks past 07:00): is the whole stay free
+    (entry-time decides), or is the over-window time charged transient (like
+    [[tariff|lapsed-mid-stay]])? Leaning **entry-time decides** for simplicity, but confirm.
+  - *Day-of-week scope* (weekdays vs. weekends), holidays.
+  - Interaction with `maxConcurrent` and plate binding (orthogonal — should still apply).
+- **Data:** a child table (e.g. `subscription_windows`) or a JSON column on `subscriptions`; TBD with
+  the implementation. Legacy precedent exists — the ParkSQL2017 schema had
+  `MembershipPlansTime` / `ActiveDays` ([[parksql2017-legacy-schema]] §"time-/day-restricted
+  memberships"), confirming this is a real market need.
+
+> **Explicitly postponed.** For now this is documentation only — no schema, no enforcement. A
+> subscription is valid whenever it is active and within `validFrom`/`validTo`, all day.
+
+## Data model (as-built 2026-06-18)
+
+Tables (mutable master data; every *use* still produces a signed `vehicle_entry`/`vehicle_exit`):
+
+| Table / field | Notes |
+| --- | --- |
+| `subscriptions.id`, `holderName`, `contact` | the subscriber |
+| `subscriptions.priceMinor` / `period` / `currency` | recurring plan (monthly); null price = unset |
+| `subscriptions.maxConcurrent` | car-count binding; **default 1**, raise for fleets, `null` = unbound |
+| `subscriptions.validFrom` / `validTo` / `status` | coverage window; active / suspended / revoked |
+| `subscription_credentials[]` | `{ kind: 'rf' \| 'qr', value }` |
+| `subscription_plates[]` | bound plates (accepted identities when set) |
+
+## Interaction with the session model
+
+- **Entry:** credential read → subscription lookup → valid (active, in window, plate allowed **if
+  plate-bound**, concurrent cars `< maxConcurrent` **if car-bound**) → signed `vehicle_entry`
+  (`source = wiegand/qr/lpr`), open barrier. No ticket, no fee.
+- **Exit:** credential/plate read → matching open subscription session → signed `vehicle_exit`, open.
+- **Lapsed mid-stay:** subscription expires while parked → uncovered time falls back to the transient
+  [[tariff]] (edge case to design — and the same question the time-window boundary raises above).
+- **Revoked:** a revoked subscription fails the entry check → treated as transient or refused (OPEN).
+
+## As-built (2026-06-15, renamed + priced 2026-06-18)
+
+`apps/server/src/subscription-flow.ts` (was `permit-flow.ts`), reached via the **read dispatcher**
+(`read-dispatch.ts`): a credential read routes to the subscription flow if it **matches a
+subscription** (card/QR credential, or a bound plate) — otherwise to the transient exit flow.
+
+- **Any credential opens/closes — sessions keyed by SUBSCRIPTION, not credential** (changed
+  2026-06-18). A subscriber can **enter with their QR and exit with their RFID card** (or any mix).
+  Entry mints a fresh **per-occurrence** session id (`SUBSESS-<subId>-<uuid>`, the ledger `identity`)
+  with `payload.permitId = subId`; the credential read is decoupled from the session key. See "Entry
+  decoupled from exit" below.
+- **Direction = the BARRIER the reader sits at.** An entry-lane read is an ENTRY, an exit-lane read
+  is an EXIT; a `"both"` barrier infers from open state (open occurrence → exit, else entry). This is
+  what lets a **fleet** (`maxConcurrent > 1`) admit several cars (each entry-lane read is an entry)
+  *and* exit any of them with any credential.
+- **Exit closes the OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO).** Per-car identity within a fleet isn't tracked
+  (it never was, once credentials are shared) — a read closes one occurrence, oldest first. An exit
+  read with nothing open is a no-op anti-passback signal (signed `anomaly`).
+- **`maxConcurrent`** enforced as a fold over the signed ledger by occurrence (`payload.permitId`
+  match). Refusals (revoked / out-of-window / at-capacity / exit-with-nothing-open) are signed
+  `anomaly` events.
+- **Admin CRUD** (`apps/server/src/routes/subscriptions.ts` + `apps/web/src/SubscriptionManager.tsx`):
+  a subscription is an **aggregate** (row + credentials + bound plates + price). `GET
+  /api/subscriptions` (any signed-in role — for lookup), `POST/PUT/DELETE /api/subscriptions[/:id]` +
+  `POST /api/subscriptions/:id/revoke` (**admin only**). Validation: `maxConcurrent` positive int or
+  `null`; `priceMinor` non-negative int (currency required when set); at least one credential or one
+  bound plate.
+- **Pricing** stored on each subscription (`priceMinor`/`period`/`currency`), pre-filled from
+  `site_config.subscription_monthly_price_minor`; **fee collection into the ledger is deferred**
+  (see Pricing above).
+
+## Open questions
+
+1. **Reader hardware** — confirm the RF reader and QR/optical reader models (procurement; [[bom]],
+   [[open-questions]]).
+2. **Lapsed-mid-stay & revoked** policy (fall back to transient [[tariff]] vs. refuse) — confirm.
+3. **Subscription-fee collection** — a **shift transaction** (operator takes the monthly fee at the
+   booth → signed `payment` → folds into their drawer/Z-report). Deferred build; see Pricing.
+4. **Time-of-day access windows** (overnight subscribers) — design + build; boundary-case policy
+   above (see the design note).

wiki/index.md

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 ---
 type: overview
 tags: [parking, index]
-updated: 2026-06-14
+updated: 2026-06-18
 ---
 
 # Index
 
 Content catalog for the wiki. Start at [[overview]]. Maintained on every ingest.
-Counts: 4 sources · 19 entities · 41 concepts · 5 decision records.
+Counts: 4 sources · 19 entities · 42 concepts · 5 decision records.
 
 ## Overview & navigation
 - [[overview]] — the top-level synthesis and entry point.
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ Counts: 4 sources · 19 entities · 41 concepts · 5 decision records.
 - [[barrier-not-a-door]] — never timed-close a barrier; safety lives in barrier firmware.
 - [[printer-roles-failover]] — ≥2 printers by role; entry ticket falls back outside→booth.
 - [[printer-status-monitoring]] — live poll of paper/cover/cutter/offline via the device's status page; SSE to the booth UI.
+- [[device-status-monitoring]] — unified live status across ALL device categories (healthCheck + printer readStatus) → the booth footer over /api/ws.
 - [[trust-boundary]] — the core fork: network vs. device; auditable vs. unforgeable.
 - [[fail-state-safety]] — entry fails closed, exit fails open; manual override; watchdog.
 
@@ -92,12 +93,12 @@ Counts: 4 sources · 19 entities · 41 concepts · 5 decision records.
 - [[ticket-encoding]] — transient ticket id as QR; printed at entry, scanned at pay station + exit; plate-as-ticket alt.
 - [[anti-passback]] — block/flag one id entering twice without an exit; fold over open sessions.
 - [[device-events]] — unsigned hardware telemetry (relay/printer/camera/reader/input); separate from the signed ledger.
-- [[permit]] — subscription; RF/QR or plate identity, registered-cars + max-concurrent, host-in-loop; short-circuits payment.
+- [[subscription]] — recurring plan (e.g. 10,000 ALL/month); RF/QR or plate identity, car-count + max-concurrent, host-in-loop; short-circuits payment. (Renamed from "permit"; time-of-day windows noted, deferred.)
 - [[opencv-anpr-service]] — host-side vision microservice: ANPR (plate identity) + vehicle verification (anti-plate-spoofing witness).
 - [[blocklist]] — barred plates/cards refused at entry (never at exit); signed, attributed.
 
 ## Concepts — frontend / operator UI
-- [[booth-console]] — operator-UI architecture: TanStack Query/Router + Zustand + Tailwind terminal theme; one /api/ws live feed (anti-CSWSH).
+- [[booth-console]] — operator-UI architecture: TanStack Query/Router + Zustand + Tailwind terminal theme; one /api/ws live feed (anti-CSWSH); shift control + device-status footer.
 - [[i18n]] — Albanian default + English; per-user server-stored language preference (users.language), loaded on login; tickets stay Albanian.
 
 ## Dev environment (reference)

wiki/log.md

@@ -800,3 +800,47 @@ Audited wiki vs. the session: three major builds (live WebSocket, frontend found
 ## [2026-06-18] ingest | Shift gating — site-wide single-open, booth money-path gate, per-shift logs
 
 Built the shift-enforcement model. A shift is now **site-wide single-open** (was per-operator): `ShiftService.currentOpenShift()` reads the most recent shift event on the whole chain; `open()` refuses if ANY shift is open and throws `ShiftAlreadyOpenError{heldBy}`. Login stays decoupled from shifts (operator can log in off-shift to review). The booth money path is **gated**: `/api/pay`, `/api/exit`, `/api/voucher`, `/api/barrier/reopen` get a `requireShift` preHandler → 409 `{code:"no_shift"}`; read-only lookups stay open so the modal can display + prompt. `GET /api/shift/current` now returns the site-wide `{open:{startedAt,operator},isMine}`. Logs are **per-shift** via `GET /api/events?since=<shiftStart>`. UI: header shift button (open / close-mine / disabled-when-other), pay-modal gate banner with one-click open, gated Active-Sessions re-open, shift-scoped live feed; shared `useShift()` Query invalidated by the WS on shift/cash events. Updated [[shift]] (new "Site-wide single-open + booth gate" section; superseded the per-operator as-built note) and [[booth-console]] (header control + gate). Verified the invariant + chain integrity on a fresh migrated DB (11/11 assertions). Builds clean across db/server/web.
+
+## [2026-06-18] ingest | Device-status footer — unified monitor across all categories
+
+Generalised printer-only status monitoring to a booth-wide DEVICE-STATUS FOOTER covering relays/readers/cameras/printers. New `DeviceMonitor` (`apps/server/src/device-monitor.ts`) polls every enabled device each tick (default 8s): printers via rich `readStatus()`, all others via the generic `healthCheck()` reachability probe, flattened to one traffic-light (ready/degraded/offline)+detail, deduped (emits on change only), fail-toward-offline (a throw/timeout → offline, never false-healthy). New `device-status` bus event + `GET /api/devices/status` snapshot; live updates ride the existing `/api/ws` (`hello` now carries the initial device set; `device-status` frame per change). Web: live-store `devices` map (setDevices/upsertDevice), WS handler wired, new `DeviceFooter` chip-per-device with an "all ready / N offline" roll-up, mounted in the app shell; `devices` i18n namespace (sq/en). The PrinterMonitor + its SSE stream stay as the printer-specific authority (both run — see the note in [[device-status-monitoring]]). Filed [[device-status-monitoring]] (resolves the code link), cross-linked [[printer-status-monitoring]] + [[booth-console]], indexed (concepts 41→42). Verified on a fresh DB (relay+reader → ready via healthCheck; unreachable printer → offline with detail, no throw; emit-once-then-silent) — 9/9; server+web build clean.
+
+## [2026-06-18] refine | Device footer — role-only labels + click-to-see-issues
+
+Two refinements to the device-status footer. (1) Chips label by ROLE, not vendor: the server sends a structured `roleKind` token per device (reader/camera → direction inherited from the bound relay via `directionOf()`; access → entry/exit/both, or "mixed" across relays; printer → lane/booth) and the client localises category+role → "Lexuesi hyrje", "Printer kabina", "Kamera dalje". Dropped `label`/`role`/driverId from the chip. (2) Fault detail no longer pollutes the footer: chips are compact (dot + label); a degraded/offline chip (or the "N with issues" roll-up) is clickable and opens a small issues panel above the footer listing only the problem devices with state/detail/checked-time (outside-click/Esc to close; no new dependency). i18n `devices.role.*` + issues keys (sq/en). Verified roleKind resolution on a fresh DB (access→mixed, reader(exit)→exit, camera(entry)→entry, printers→lane/booth) 7/7; server+web build clean. Updated [[device-status-monitoring]].
+
+## [2026-06-18] fix | Stuck active session — paid ticket that never got a vehicle_exit (T-397815c0)
+
+Investigated a paid ticket stuck forever in the Active Sessions tab. Root cause (confirmed from the live ledger): the car left via a **manual barrier re-open**, which by design signed an `anomaly` but **never a `vehicle_exit`** — so `activeSessions()` saw it as permanently `open` (the grace-expiry eviction only applied to *exited* sessions). The normal exit that would have signed the exit was refused because walk-back grace (5 min) had expired ~17h earlier. Two fixes: (1) `ExitFlow.reopenBarrier` now signs a `vehicle_exit` (`source:manual`) **when the session is still open**, closing it — while still NOT double-signing an already-exited session (phantom re-close). (2) `PayStation.activeSessions()` ages out a **paid** open session past grace even with no exit (unpaid open sessions never age out — a car owing money stays). Plus a one-off corrective: appended a signed `vehicle_exit` (index 68, `correction:true`) for T-397815c0 through EventLog (chain verified `{ok:true}`), clearing it from the list. Verified both fixes on a fresh DB (9/9; chain intact). Updated [[booth-exit-flow]] (active-session definition + the re-open rule, was "NEVER a vehicle_exit").
+
+## [2026-06-18] ingest | Permit → Subscription rename + monthly pricing (timeframes deferred)
+
+Renamed the "permit" feature to "subscription" (operator term: abonim) and added recurring monthly pricing. FULL rename of mutable master data: tables permits→subscriptions, permit_credentials→subscription_credentials, permit_plates→subscription_plates, sessions.permit_id→subscription_id (data-preserving ALTER RENAMEs, migration 0004); server permit-flow.ts→subscription-flow.ts (SubscriptionFlow), routes/permits.ts→routes/subscriptions.ts (/api/subscriptions), web PermitManager→SubscriptionManager, api types, i18n (sq "Abonimet"/en "Subscriptions"). The signed ledger `permitId` payload field is INTENTIONALLY kept (immutable hash-chained history — renaming would break verification of past events); code/data are "subscription", the on-chain field stays `permitId`. Pricing: per-subscription priceMinor + period("monthly") + currency, with a site default (site_config.subscription_monthly_price_minor) pre-filling the form; collecting the fee into the ledger/shift is DEFERRED (wiki note only). Time-of-day access windows (e.g. overnight subscriber 19:00–07:00, transient outside) documented as a design note in [[subscription]] — NOT implemented; legacy precedent in [[parksql2017-legacy-schema]] (MembershipPlansTime). Renamed [[entities/permit|permit]]→[[subscription]] and swept all [[permit]] wikilinks across the wiki (log.md historical entries left as-was). Verified end-to-end on a fresh migrated DB (schema+pricing, card entry/exit, maxConcurrent cap, on-chain permitId carries the sub id, chain verify) 6/6; migration also applied cleanly to a copy of the live DB (18 sessions preserved). Full monorepo builds clean.
+
+## [2026-06-18] note | Subscription-fee collection is a SHIFT transaction
+
+Clarified (user): collecting/renewing a subscription's monthly fee is a financial transaction a common operator makes DURING their shift — it must reflect in THAT shift's drawer + Z-report, not be an admin-only edit. Updated [[subscription]] (Pricing → "Collecting the fee is a SHIFT transaction"): model it as a signed `payment` event (same `{amountMinor,currency,tender}` shape) tagged `{subscriptionId}` at collection time, so it folds into the open shift automatically (Z-report sums payments by time; drawer adds cash tenders) with no new summing logic. Admin edits the master data; operator takes the money. Subscription entry/exit stay free — only the plan fee is a payment. Still DEFERRED build; cross-linked from [[shift]] ("What End Shift does"). Open: plain `payment`+tag vs. a distinct `subscription_payment` type (leaning plain).
+
+## [2026-06-18] note | Subscription credential type — operator chooses, QR-only for now
+
+The subscription form lets the operator choose the credential type; for now only QR is live. UI change only: the new-credential default is now QR (was RF), and the RFID option is shown DISABLED ("soon", `subs.rfCardTagSoon`) so the choice is visible. Backend + schema keep accepting `kind:'rf'|'qr'` unchanged — re-enabling RFID later is just dropping `disabled` (no migration). Updated [[subscription]] Credentials section.
+
+## [2026-06-18] feat | Subscription QR auto-generation + multi-month coverage
+
+QR credentials are now AUTO-GENERATED server-side (`SUB-<15×base32>`, crypto-random, globally-unique-checked) — the operator/customer never picks the code (anti-fraud); the UI sends a blank QR credential and the server mints+returns the value to print. RF credentials still carry the operator-entered card id. Reader output decided = TCP/IP full string (host-in-the-loop), so the code length is free; noted the Wiegand-26/34 numeric-truncation alternative if ever wired that way (+ the manufacturer reader's ID/IC/NFC+QR / Wiegand/TCP/USB/RS485 / 125kHz+13.56MHz spec — one device covers QR and future RFID). Multi-month: the form takes a `months` count → server sets `validTo = validFrom + N months` (day-clamp), one record/one window, total = N×monthly (collection still deferred); explicit `validTo` override still works; `months` is input-only (truth is validFrom/validTo). Backend: routes/subscriptions.ts (newQrCode/addMonths/resolveValidTo, validate RF-needs-value + months-needs-validFrom). Web: SubscriptionManager (QR shown auto-gen/read-only, months field + live coverage+total preview), api types, i18n (sq/en). Verified via buildServer+inject 9/9 (autogen, uniqueness, RF-blank reject, Jan31+3mo→Apr30, supplied-value preserved). Updated [[subscription]]. No new migration (uses existing columns).
+
+## [2026-06-18] feat | Subscription QR card — printed on creation + reprint, real QR rendering
+
+The auto-generated subscription QR is now PRINTED so the operator can hand it to the customer. Added real 2D QR rendering to the [[rongta-printer]] driver via ESC/POS `GS ( k` (model 2, EC level M; firmware-rendered, no bitmap dep) — new `PrinterDevice.printSubscriptionCard(SubscriptionCardData)`; the card is park header → scannable QR of the code → code text (hand-key fallback) → holder + validity. Server: `printSubscriptionCard()` in booth-print.ts (booth-receipt printer, failover to dispenser); create AUTO-PRINTS best-effort (a print failure never fails the create — response returns `{printed, printError}`); new `POST /api/subscriptions/:id/print` reprint (operator-or-admin; 409 if no QR credential, 503 if no printer). Web: SubscriptionManager surfaces the print outcome on save and a "Print code" button per QR subscription; api types + i18n (sq/en). Verified on the wire via buildServer+inject + a TCP capture (9/9: auto-print, well-formed GS ( k QR bytes with the embedded code, reprint re-sends, no-QR→409). Updated [[subscription]] + [[rongta-printer]]. No migration.
+
+## [2026-06-18] feat | Subscription RFID enrollment — "Read card" capture on a chosen reader
+
+Enabled RFID subscription credentials with a card-enrollment flow. The operator picks a reader and presents the physical card; the value is captured into the credential instead of being typed. New in-memory `CredentialCapture` (single-shot + ~30s TTL): `arm(deviceId)`; `routes/qr-reader.ts` checks `tryConsume()` on each read — an armed reader's read is captured and NOT dispatched (no barrier for an enrolled card), then auto-disarms; reads on the OTHER reader dispatch normally, so its live entry/exit flow is never blocked. Routes (operator/admin): `GET /api/subscriptions/readers` (picker), `POST /capture/arm`, `GET /capture` (poll: idle|armed|captured|expired), `POST /capture/cancel`. Web: RFID re-enabled in the form (was disabled "soon"); "Read card" → reader picker → arm → poll → fills the value; i18n (sq/en). The GEE readers are combo QR+RFID (ID/IC/NFC), same endpoint, so one device captures both. Verified via buildServer+inject + reader-scan simulation (12/12: captured-not-dispatched, single-shot, other reader still drives a live vehicle_exit while armed, value retrievable, cancel). Updated [[subscription]]. No migration.
+
+## [2026-06-18] feat | Subscriptions — enter with one credential, exit with another (+ FIFO fleets)
+
+Decoupled subscription exit from the entry credential. Previously the session was keyed by the exact credential value read (an accidental coupling → must exit with the same QR/RFID you entered with). Now sessions are keyed by a per-occurrence id (`SUBSESS-<subId>-<uuid>`, the ledger `identity`; `payload.permitId`=subId), so ANY of a subscription's credentials (QR/RFID/NFC/plate) opens or closes. Direction is now decided by the BARRIER the reader sits at (entry-lane→entry, exit-lane→exit; a "both" barrier infers from open state) — this lets a FLEET (maxConcurrent>1) admit several cars (each entry-lane read is an entry) yet exit any of them with any credential; exit closes the OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO). Per-car identity within a fleet isn't tracked (never was once credentials are shared). `#openOccurrences()` replaced `#carHasOpenSession`/`#subscriptionOpenCount`. Exit with nothing open → signed anomaly (anti-passback). Verified 11/11 (enter-QR/exit-RFID + reverse, fleet 2-in mixed-credential FIFO out, capacity, anti-passback, chain intact). Updated [[subscription]] (multi-credential + entry-decoupled-from-exit). No migration.
+
+## [2026-06-18] fix | Subscription occurrences in the booth — prepaid, barrier-open assist (not transient)
+
+A subscription occurrence (SUBSESS-…) showed in Active Sessions but was wrongly treated as an unpaid transient: the modal tried to quote/charge it and the "open barrier" button only appeared for PAID sessions, so a subscriber with a faulty exit reader / missing card couldn't be assisted. Fix: `pay-station.ts` lookup/activeSessions now flag `subscription`/`subscriptionId`/`subscriptionHolder` from the entry payload (permit:true/permitId) and DON'T quote a subscription (amountMinor null). `exit-flow.ts` reopenBarrier now authorizes `paidAt != null || subscription` (prepaid). UI: the pay modal renders a SUBSCRIPTION mode (PREPAID badge, snapshots, single Open-barrier action, no tender/voucher) and the active row badges "abonim" + shows the holder name; both labelled by holder, not the raw key. Also SHORTENED the occurrence id (was SUBSESS-<subId>-<uuid>, ~80 chars) to `SUBSESS-<12hex>` — the subscriptionId lives in the payload (which every fold matches on), so it needn't be embedded in the key. Verified 9/9 (subscription flagged + not charged in lookup/active, reopen works without payment, unpaid-transient guard intact). Updated [[booth-exit-flow]]. No migration.

wiki/sources/parksql2017-legacy-schema.md

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ clear anti-patterns, e.g. money as `float`).
 1. **Time-of-day + date windows on the rate card** (`ValidFromHour`/`ValidToHour`,
    `ValidFrom`/`ValidTo`) — the shipped way to do **happy hour / seasonal**. See [[tariff-time-tiers]].
 2. **Vehicle/customer category as a pricing axis** (`BA_TicketCategory`). See [[tariff-time-tiers]].
-3. **Time-/day-restricted memberships** (`MembershipPlansTime`, `ActiveDays`) — a [[permit]] gap.
+3. **Time-/day-restricted memberships** (`MembershipPlansTime`, `ActiveDays`) — a [[subscription]] gap.
 
 ## Anti-patterns to NOT copy
 - **Money as `float`** everywhere (`Charge`, `Price`, `LostPenalty`) — drifts across a revenue