---
type: overview
tags: [parking, index]
updated: 2026-07-02
---

# Index

Content catalog for the wiki. Start at [[overview]]. Maintained on every ingest.
Counts: 4 sources · 19 entities · 47 concepts · 8 decision records.

## Overview & navigation
- [[overview]] — the top-level synthesis and entry point.
- [[index]] — this catalog.
- `log.md` — chronological record of ingests/queries/lints.

## Sources
- [[parking-system-architecture]] — design notes: stack, threat model, devices, UHPPOTE, ESP32, readers, BOM, open decisions.
- [[dingtian-dt008]] — Dingtian DT-008 product page: QR/RFID access reader (QR/barcode + ID/IC/NFC; Wiegand/TCP-IP/USB/RS485; HTTP-GET push).
- [[qrcode-sdk]] — QRCode SDK v1.6.5: the reader's HTTP-GET-poll protocol + JSON verdict (beep/output).
- [[parksql2017-legacy-schema]] — predecessor SQL Server schema (Albanian market): legacy tariff/discount/membership/shift/fiscal model; confirms blocks, adds time-windows + categories, lacks postpaid sponsors.
- [[ds-2cd1047g3h-liu]] — HIKVISION DS-2CD1047G3H-LIU-F datasheet: 4MP, main stream has no MJPEG option (sub does) — likely explains the model's persistent ISAPI snapshot 503 on main; confirms ISAPI/RTSP both fully in-spec.

## Entities — technology stack
- [[technology-stack]] — the full stack table; all MIT/Apache/BSD, chosen to avoid lock-in.
- [[fastify]] — Node backend; hosts device-driver plugins + auth; serves the SPA.
- [[sqlite]] — local single-writer DB (WAL); limits & why it fits.
- [[drizzle-orm]] — ORM; schemas port to PostgreSQL for remote sync.
- [[turborepo]] — monorepo tool.
- [[react-vite-spa]] — React/Vite frontend served by Fastify.
- [[local-jwt-auth]] — fully local auth (JWT + bcrypt + role guard); forced by offline-first.

## Entities — rejected alternatives
- [[payload-cms]] — strong, but rejected over BSL license shift (the rug-pull cautionary case).
- [[refine]] — dropped for plain React; UI too simple to justify a framework.
- [[logto-zitadel-oidc]] — OIDC providers ruled out by offline-first.

## Entities — hardware & devices
- [[uhppote-controller]] — ❌ rejected/historical; firmware auto-open blocker drove the switch to Dingtian.
- [[esp32-custom-controller]] — prevention-grade upgrade; device-level auth.
- [[atecc608]] — secure element; non-extractable signing key (host events + controller auth).
- [[wiegand]] — reader standard feeding the controller directly (autonomous permit-holder path).
- [[lpr-camera]] — edge-AI plate recognition; host-side casual-identity source; DS-2CD1047G3H-LIU main-stream ISAPI snapshot 503 is a firmware bug (only channel 102 ever works, ALL other IDs incl. garbage 503 identically) — firmware update tested, no fix; owner decided to replace the camera line rather than build an RTSP workaround.
- [[dingtian-dt008-reader]] — Dingtian DT-008 QR/RFID reader on hand; host-side serial → `read` bus (the QR-ticket scanner).
- [[zkteco-controller]] — ❌ rejected/historical; aux-input path was a contender, not pursued.
- [[dingtian-relay]] — ✅ CHOSEN access controller; decoupled inputs solve the button blocker (driver verified on hardware); spare relays drive aux outputs (`setAux`).
- [[hikvision-radar]] — vehicle-presence radar on a Dingtian input; the entry presence gate (per-input active-level caveat).
- [[rongta-printer]] — ✅ CHOSEN 80mm thermal printer; ESC/POS over raw TCP 9100 (or local USB, see [[printer-usb-transport]]); driver written, one unit reachable at 10.0.10.6.
- [[k200l-printer]] — the park-buzi printer identified (2026-09-09): Xprinter/ICS K200L, USB id 1fc9:2016 "POS-80", J-Speed LAN board at 192.168.123.100 (DHCP off, web config on :80); status page `/prt_status.htm` (Rongta's rows, headerless HTTP) → own `k200l` driver with raw-socket fetch; over USB reachability only, so cover-open never showed at park-buzi.
- [[bom]] — reference bill of materials (barrier, loops, controller, readers, payment, host, network).

## Concepts — foundational forces
- [[offline-first]] — no network dependency in core operation; what it forces (and doesn't).
- [[threat-model]] — the operator-at-the-booth reframing; why encryption defends the wrong threat.
- [[tpm]] — TPM 2.0 hardening: how it works, sealed-LUKS auto-unlock + non-extractable signing key; limits (live-root, bus-sniff) + TPM-vs-ATECC608 by platform; complements, not replaces, reconciliation.

## Concepts — integrity & anti-fraud
- [[append-only-event-chain]] — append-only + hash chain + signing = unforgeable log (signing is **software today**; hardware signer pending — see below).
- [[hardware-signer-options]] — where the ledger signing key should live (TPM interim → USB-HSM target; ATECC608 upcoming, not on-site) so a host-owner can't forge the chain.
- [[reconciliation]] — the real anti-fraud control; what remote sync actually is.
- [[vision-review-outbox]] — the wash operator's category choice is a hypothesis: the booth queues a plate-blurred vehicle crop + the choice for a trusted remote reviewer over Netbird (one-way, offline-first, no site identity leaves); the verdict = training label + per-operator error/fraud rate.
- [[disk-os-hardening]] — the *why* of host hardening: LUKS FDE + TPM-sealed auto-unlock (PCR 7) + Secure Boot + GRUB edit-lock + unprivileged operator + firmware/dbx lockdown; secondary control (reconciliation is the main event). Commands → [[appliance-provisioning]].
- [[backup-recovery]] — admin-driven encrypted full-DB backup (local/SMB/SFTP) + DR; signing key escrowed & decoupled from TPM so the ledger survives total hardware loss; restore is admin-only; last-success/error status + schedule are now restart-durable (migration 0025, fixed a "shows Never despite valid backups" bug).

## Concepts — device architecture & safety
- [[device-adapter-pattern]] — business logic talks to interfaces; swap hardware → new adapter.
- [[device-registry]] — catalog of selectable drivers per category (admin-configurable).
- [[first-run-setup]] — admin adds controllers + binds readers/cameras to relays from the catalog at install.
- [[site-device-installation]] — FIELD RUNBOOK (2026-09-09): per device — factory address + credentials, the tool needed, what the wizard configures itself vs what is done by hand on the device, known traps; address plan, order of work on site, gaps to fill. Dingtian relay, DT-008 readers, Hikvision camera, radar, K200L / Rongta / Cashino printers.
- [[device-input-flow]] — button → device push → backend decides → relay; backend is source of truth.
- [[device-discovery]] — optional driver capability to scan the LAN (no current driver uses it; UHPPOTE was the example).
- [[barrier-not-a-door]] — never timed-close a barrier; safety lives in barrier firmware.
- [[printer-roles-failover]] — ≥2 printers by role; entry ticket falls back outside→booth.
- [[printer-status-monitoring]] — live poll of paper/cover/cutter/offline via the device's status page; SSE to the booth UI.
- [[printer-usb-transport]] — ESC/POS drivers drive TCP (9100) OR local USB (/dev/usb/lp0) behind one render layer; USB = usblp char device, reachability-only status; provisioning open (oq#14); park-buzi cover-open-wedges-USB-status bug (docker restart-only fix) under investigation.
- [[device-status-monitoring]] — unified live status across ALL device categories (healthCheck + printer readStatus) → the booth footer over /api/ws.
- [[trust-boundary]] — the core fork: network vs. device; auditable vs. unforgeable.
- [[fail-state-safety]] — entry fails closed, exit fails open; manual override; watchdog.

## Concepts — access control
- [[uhppote-udp-protocol]] — open UDP weakness + the unauthenticated commands that undermine the log.
- [[network-isolation]] — mandatory VLAN isolation; the network as security boundary.
- [[event-log-ingestion]] — host-side index tracking that makes the UHPPOTE log trustworthy.
- [[challenge-response-auth]] — asymmetric nonce scheme for the ESP32 (auth + anti-replay).
- [[entry-exit-readers]] — two populations, two integration paths; both can share a relay.
- [[entry-exit-points]] — pool-of-spaces model (no lane); per-relay direction, reader→relay binding, camera snapshots.
- [[entry-double-press]] — one car = one ticket: per-relay presence gate (loop OR radar) preferred, cooldown fallback (a real backstop since 2026-07-04); camera press-gate + post-hoc duplicate-plate anomaly (2026-07-04).
- [[entry-presence-bypass]] — admin drops a FAULTY presence signal (radar/camera, granular) until support fixes it; every flip is a signed config_change; tickets minted under bypass are stamped (2026-07-02).
- [[setup-relay-test]] — admin-only per-relay Test button in Setup; signs a barrier_open_command BEFORE the pulse so a test open never reads as fraud (2026-07-01).
- [[button-light-indicator]] — entry button lamp on a spare relay: radar × camera 3-state (blink/solid/off); aux-output; fails OFF. The press gate enforces its SOLID state since 2026-07-04.
- [[uhppote-vs-esp32]] — comparison: detection vs. prevention.

## Concepts — business domain
- [[parking-session]] — the core domain entity; a projection over the signed log, never a mutable table.
- [[tariff]] — fee model; pure, data-driven, offline; pay-on-foot adds a walk-back grace window.
- [[tariff-time-tiers]] — BUILT (V2 tariff): happy-hour/off-peak/weekend/seasonal + vehicle category + flat rate via wall-clock windowed cards; tz frozen per version.
- [[tariff-industry-survey]] — 2026-07 web survey of industry tariff structures: coverage map vs our engine; gaps = early bird (pick-table-by-entry-time) + merchant validations; per-minute & dynamic pricing ruled out.
- [[booth-exit-flow]] — manned booth: pay → voucher (self-exit later) or immediate exit; active sessions; audited barrier re-open.
- [[operator-issued-entry]] — operator mints an entry ticket when the physical button is broken; presence-gated (radar AND camera, both sides), flagged (source=manual + operatorInitiated + anomaly), capacity-override allowed; needs `session:create` (2026-07-01).
- [[plate-reconciliation]] — ANPR plate-as-invariant catches the ticket-swap fraud (paid car let out on a fresh $0 ticket, original lingers "inside"); exact/high-conf match vs open sessions; booth = flag + operator override, reader = log-only fail-open (2026-07-01).
- [[shift]] — manned-only accountability period; explicit Start/End; End → signed + printed Z-report; drawer float carries across shifts. Drawer cash movements (operator records, admin reviews via signed cash_review — a flag, not a reversal) live at the /drawer route (2026-07-01).
- [[card-payments]] — card tender DISABLED (no P2PE POS on-site yet, 2026-07-01); cash-only UI gate (`CARD_PAYMENTS_ENABLED`); future POS keeps PCI scope out of the app; how to re-enable.
- [[capacity-occupancy]] — live count = open sessions; refuse entry + FULL sign when full (soft policy); exit never blocked.
- [[site-metadata]] — optional park identity (name, operator, VAT, address, contact) in site_config; feeds the ticket header.
- [[valet-overcapacity]] — "full" is soft: operator may valet-accept over capacity (keys handed over, custody). Manned, deferred.
- [[validation-discounts]] — BUILT (2026-07-13): in-park merchant (bar/lavazh) users scan-and-validate on their device (signed event, program↔user binding); booth settles NET + prints gross/discount/net; comp/time-credit/fixed/percent, caps, /setup/site panel, /validate screen.
- [[validation-sponsorship]] — design: postpaid B2B sponsorship (customers park free, business billed monthly); its sponsor-account sketch is superseded by [[party-ledger]].
- [[reporting-analytics]] — revenue/occupancy/stay reports + plate-search, all projections over the signed log.
- [[clock-integrity]] — fees depend on the host clock; detect/flag backdating on an offline box.
- [[ticket-encoding]] — transient ticket id (11-digit numeric + Luhn) as Code128; printed at entry, scanned at pay station + exit; barcode geometry must fit paper width (KP-300H overflow); plate-as-ticket alt.
- [[anti-passback]] — block/flag one id entering twice without an exit; fold over open sessions.
- [[device-events]] — unsigned hardware telemetry (relay/printer/camera/reader/input); separate from the signed ledger.
- [[app-logs]] — the third stream: diagnostic logs (backend warn+ pino sink + frontend errors) → app_logs; log:read viewer; pruned by age+row cap.
- [[soft-delete]] — BUILT: accidental admin deletes of master data (users/roles/subs/plans/tariffs) are soft (deleted_at) + recoverable from a recycle bin; auto-purge after N days; signed ledger out of scope.
- [[subscription]] — recurring plan (e.g. 10,000 ALL/month); RF/QR or plate identity, car-count + max-concurrent, host-in-loop; short-circuits payment. Plan catalog + tariff bridge built. 2026-09-08: **renewal found off-book**; recurring billing (prepaid/postpaid, calendar/anniversary, grace, expiry notice, billing periods as ledger charges) designed, not built.
- [[opencv-anpr-service]] — host-side vision microservice: ANPR (plate identity) + vehicle verification (anti-plate-spoofing witness); fast-alpr (MIT, YOLOv9+CCT/ONNX) the evaluated recognizer baseline.
- [[lane-presence-and-anpr-entry]] — camera vehicle detection → (BUILT) advisory lane busy/free booth lights + (BUILT) the ANPR "bridge" (`anpr-entry.ts`): a subscriber's plate read at the lane admits them via the existing gated subscription flow (match-before-emit; subscriber-only). Measured camera limits; rejected the queue-tracking/livestream ideas.
- [[vision-service-hardening]] — fix/hardening backlog for `apps/vision/` (2026-07-02 reviews): DoS (body-cap, pixel-bomb, event-loop-blocking inference), unauthenticated + operator-writable model weights, `0.0.0.0` default bind, + correctness/hygiene items. Not yet fixed — the to-do list.
- [[blocklist]] — barred plates/cards refused at entry (never at exit); signed, attributed.

## Concepts — frontend / operator UI
- [[booth-console]] — operator-UI architecture: TanStack Query/Router + Zustand + Tailwind terminal theme; one /api/ws live feed (anti-CSWSH); shift control + device-status footer.
- [[i18n]] — Albanian default + English; per-user server-stored language preference (users.language), loaded on login; tickets stay Albanian.

## Dev environment (reference)
- [[local-dev-workflow]] — running the stack locally; setup, the dev-hang gotchas, seed:admin, the gated `db:reset` training/demo tool.
- [[wsl-dev-networking]] — WSL2 NAT blocks device broadcast; use mirrored mode + the gotchas after.

## Decisions
- [[standing-decisions]] — settled decisions (stack, platform, integrity, access control, readers).
- [[open-questions]] — 9 open items (procurement + JWT key + FX + pay-station money corners); ESP32 device auth deferred.
- [[access-controller-button-flow]] — ✅ RESOLVED: Dingtian decoupled inputs enable ticket-first entry (was a UHPPOTE/ZKTeco blocker).
- [[autonomous-direction]] — roadmap: toward fully unmanned (no booth); reshapes threat model + fail-state.
- [[cloud-service-saas]] — 📌 POSTPONED: multi-tenant SaaS for fleet monitoring/control; productises the NetBird/Komodo control plane. Four tensions (offline-first vs real-time, verifiable-ledger-in-cloud, secrets custody, two-level tenancy); signing key stays on the booth; NetBird already solves isolation; remote barrier-open is `pulseOpen`+signed (the unmanned driver).
- [[dingtian-vs-mqtt]] — transport choice: direct HTTP/UDP now, MQTT parked until multi-lane scale.
- [[session-model]] — business layer start: session = projection; transient-first; pay-on-foot. New event types.
- [[vision-service]] — build a host-side ANPR + vehicle-verification service; replaces edge-LPR; scoped AGPL exception.
- [[bodytype-classifier-training]] — phase B (SUV vs sedan): `apps/trainer` trains on the collector host (time split, floor, features/finetune modes, feature cache) → report → publish to the Gitea generic package → `models/bodytype.version` pin bakes it into the vision image → TAG bump; sidecar = the preprocessing contract; CPU-only torch on the Xeon E3-1225 v5, Quadro FX 3800 unusable, cloud GPU rejected. Built 2026-09-07; first run waits for labels.
- [[vision-service-packaging]] — the vision service lives in this monorepo (apps/vision/), separate process, wired into Turbo via a package.json shim; uv-managed Python.
- [[event-streams-split]] — split the signed business ledger (ledger_events) from unsigned device telemetry (device_events).
- [[desktop-shell-tauri]] — ✅ Tauri v2 chosen over Electron for the desktop kiosk shell; thin wrapper, server keeps all logic. Best case Ubuntu 26.04 LTS (resolves WebKitGTK); worst case Windows+WSL → kiosk browser, no native shell. Auto-updater mirrors signed releases to public `mca/public_releases` (source repo is private — field appliances have no Gitea creds).
- [[party-ledger]] — 🟡 DESIGN (2026-09-08, not built): counterparty sub-ledger for who-owes-whom across modules — parties + signed `charge` / settlement / `write_off` events, balance derived never stored, aging + statements + CSV; lands postpaid subscriptions, hotel guest-nights, fleet washes on account, supplier/utility bills. Sub-ledger only: no bookkeeping, statements are not fiscal invoices, parties per appliance.
- [[venue-modules]] — 🟡 OPEN: optional per-site modules (Car Wash, Bar/Restaurant) with Parking as a peer module on a venue POS/audit core; manifest registry, entitled ∩ activated enablement (vendor env + site-admin config), validation kept for the Bar (Lavazh station retires with Car Wash), name stays parking-system, vision vehicle-category as an advisory anomaly flag.
- [[container-deployment]] — Docker images for the non-desktop apps: parking-server (Fastify API + bundled SPA via @fastify/static) + parking-vision (Python/uv ANPR); branch+SHA tags, per-env compose, Gitea registry, build-images.yml CI; pnpm deploy (not prune) for native better-sqlite3; migrate-at-boot.
- [[fleet-deployment-komodo]] — fleet control plane: Komodo Periphery on each booth, driven by Komodo Core over a NetBird mesh, running the same compose files. Deploys manual + pinned to dev-<sha> (no webhook); secrets Komodo-managed per-booth+unique; booth.sh demoted to break-glass. Threat-model caveats: Periphery is a root agent (mesh-bound only), EVENT_SIGNING_KEY-in-Core is a fraud-root blast radius until ATECC608 signs. komodo/ is infra-as-code.
- [[appliance-provisioning]] — booth-PC provisioning runbook (Dell 7070, i5-8500, discrete Nuvoton TPM): BIOS/Secure-Boot → direct-flash Ubuntu 26.04 USB (not Ventoy) → passphrase-LUKS install → manual PCR-7 TPM seal (workaround for the installer's dbt PCR_UNUSABLE error) → Docker. Verified on hardware 2026-06-23; TPM auto-unlock works.