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New wiki/decisions/appliance-provisioning.md: the hardware-verified step-by-step for provisioning a booth PC (Dell OptiPlex 7070, i5-8500, discrete Nuvoton TPM 2.0) from factory Windows to a hardened Ubuntu 26.04 LTS appliance. Every command was run on the first real unit (2026-06-23). Captures the firmware-specific gotchas: Ventoy → 0x1A under Secure Boot (flash ISO directly); the 7070 BIOS can't view db (verify via live USB); the installer's hardware-backed encryption fails with PCR_UNUSABLE/dbt (use passphrase LUKS + manual systemd-cryptenroll PCR-7 seal); GRUB password must be edit-only (--unrestricted) to keep unattended boot. OS hardening on unit 1 is COMPLETE + verified: LUKS FDE + TPM auto-unlock (PCR 7, unattended) + Secure Boot (Deployed) + GRUB edit-lock (closes the init=/bin/bash root-shell hole that PCR-7 sealing does not cover). Resolves the implementation half of open-questions #12 for unit 1. Cross-linked from disk-os-hardening; index + log updated. Still TODO on the box: Docker + run the stack. Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Xcm6ikLgGoCxxHrxtjkk5V
59 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
59 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: concept
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tags: [parking, security, platform]
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sources: [parking-system-architecture]
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updated: 2026-06-21
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---
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# Disk / OS Hardening
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Worthwhile, but **not the main event** — it defends against the outsider-with-physical-access,
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not the operator (see [[threat-model]]). (See [[parking-system-architecture]] §3.)
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Physical-access attacks on Windows are trivial (boot media + password-reset tools), so a
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**dedicated Linux machine is the correct platform** — not Windows or WSL. This is a
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[[standing-decisions|standing decision]].
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- **LUKS full-disk encryption** — defeats boot-from-USB.
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- **GRUB password + Secure Boot** — prevents boot-parameter tampering / unsigned loaders.
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- **No desktop environment** — single-purpose appliance.
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- **Key-based SSH only.**
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- **[[tpm|TPM 2.0]]** _(recommended, 2026-06-21)_ — seals the LUKS key to the boot chain so the disk
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**auto-unlocks only on an untampered boot**, making encryption-at-rest compatible with **unattended
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reboot** (a booth must come back up after a power cut without a human typing a passphrase). Also a
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candidate home for the non-extractable host event-signing key. Caveats (live-root limit, bus-sniff,
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PCR brittleness, mandatory recovery passphrase + re-seal runbook) on [[tpm]]; implementation is
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[[open-questions]] #12.
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With LUKS in place, **SQLCipher becomes optional** defence-in-depth rather than the critical
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layer. (The custom controller adds its own: ESP32 flash encryption + secure boot — see
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[[esp32-custom-controller]].)
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> **Step-by-step OS install + TPM-seal procedure** (BIOS → encrypted install → manual PCR-7 TPM
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> seal, with the Dell-7070-specific `dbt` workaround) lives in [[appliance-provisioning]] — written
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> from the first real provisioning (2026-06-23) and verified on hardware. **OS hardening on the first
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> unit is COMPLETE: LUKS FDE + TPM auto-unlock (PCR 7, unattended) + Secure Boot (Deployed) + GRUB
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> edit-lock** (the GRUB password is the specific countermeasure to the `init=/bin/bash` root-shell
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> hole that PCR-7 sealing does NOT cover). Resolves the implementation half of [[open-questions]] #12
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> for unit 1.
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## Deploy-time server configuration (runbook)
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Env in `apps/server/.env` on the appliance (see `apps/server/.env.example`). The security-load-bearing ones:
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- **`JWT_SECRET`** — ≥32 random chars; the server refuses to boot without a strong one (no
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insecure default). `openssl rand -hex 32`. See [[local-jwt-auth]].
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- **`EVENT_SIGNING_KEY`** — dedicated HMAC key for the signed ledger; ≥16 chars. Falls back to
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`JWT_SECRET` with a warning if unset — set a dedicated one before production.
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- **`COOKIE_SECURE=0`** — **REQUIRED on the plain-HTTP LAN appliance.** Auth/CSRF cookies are
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`Secure` by **default** (fail-safe). The appliance serves the SPA same-origin over **plain
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http** on the booth LAN, where a `Secure` cookie is **never sent** — so without this opt-out
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**operators cannot log in**. Set it deliberately. (A TLS/reverse-proxied deploy leaves it
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UNSET so cookies stay `Secure`.) This replaced the old `NODE_ENV=production` gate, which
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silently dropped `Secure` if the var was forgotten. See [[local-jwt-auth]].
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> The plain-http booth LAN is acceptable because it's an **isolated, single-purpose network**
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> (the only browser is the booth's own; access controllers sit on a separate VLAN — see
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> [[network-isolation]], [[trust-boundary]]). `Secure`-off is a network-scoped decision, not a
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> blanket weakening; the JWT stays HttpOnly + SameSite=Strict and CSRF double-submit still applies.
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